External synchronization

Free running An oscillator that is not controlled by an external synchronizing signal. 

Data-dependent delay operations. The execution delay of a vertex can be fixed or data-dependent. The latter type describes external synchronizations and loops. 

The extensive use of external synchronization in the design implies that the length of the schedule cannot be statically defined. We therefore estimate the scheduling cost by two measures A which represents the total number of anchors in the SIF model, and which represents the sum of the... 

Most synthesized designs require complex coordination with their environment to meet handshaking and timing protocols. For example, the Ethernet co-processor design demonstrates the extensive use of external synchronization in both specification and synthesis. The underlying hardware model for both HardwareC and Hebe allows these communication requirements to be clearly specified and enforced in the synthesized hardware. 

Three requiremrats are important in modeling ASIC designs concurrency, external synchronization, and detailed timing constraints. The objective of the research work presented here is to develop a hardware model incorporating these requirements as well as synthesis algorithms that operate on this hardware model. 

Regenerative braking If the motor be run beyond synchronous speed by some external means it will work as a generator and feed back useful energy to the supply system. It will draw only the necessary excitation current, / , for the generator action from the source of supply. In such a condition, the motor... 

The driver is a prime mover capable of developing the required torque at a constant speed or over a range of speeds. The driver s energy source can be either electrical or mechanical. Electrical energy is used by motors, either of the induction or synchronous type, while the mechanical covers a multitude of sources. It may be a fuel, as in internal or external combustion engines, or it may be a gas, such as steam or process gas used in a turbine or expander. 

Semiconductor control modules gate the thyristors, which switch cm rent to the motor field at the optimum motor speed and precise phase angle. This assures synchronizing with minimum system disturbance. On pull-out, the discharge resistor is reapplied and excitation is removed k> provide protection to the rotor winding, shaft, and external electrical system. The control resynchronizes the motor after the cause of pull-out i.n removed, if sufficient torque is available. The field is automatically applied if the motor synchronizes on reluctance torque. The control is calibrated at the factory and no field adjustment is required. The opti-... 

Figure 14-ID. Cutaway and partly developed illustration of 4-pole synchronous motor to show elements of construction and external wiring. (Used by permission Bui. 200-Tec-1120 1955, Dresser-Rand Company.)...

When an A.C. synchronous machine operating as a motor in parallel with other loads and an external supply system is over-excited the machine will contribute reactive kvar to the supply. The net effect of this will be to reduce the amount of reactive current drawn from the supply, and this will improve the overall system power factor. 

If at is an integer, say a> = n we have rather complicated manifestations of the subharmonic resonance. If it is at n + e, where e is a certain small number, one has still the subharmonic resonance, but it is accompanied by another phenomenon of synchronization, which con-, gists in the entrainment of the frequency of the avtoperiodic oscillation (if A = 0), by that of the heteroperiodic oscillation (the externally applied one). 

Two different and possibly complementary approaches have been explored. One utilizes a panel of quantifiable internal reference standards (QIRS), which are common proteins present widely in tissues in relatively consistent amounts.11,22 In this instance because the reference proteins are intrinsic to the tissue they are necessarily subjected to identical fixation and processing, and incur no additional handling or cost, other than synchronous performance of a second IHC assay (stain), such that the intensity of reaction for the QIRS and the test analyte can be compared by IA, allowing calculation of the amount of test analyte (protein) present on a formulaic standard curve basis. The other approach seeks to identify external reference materials and to introduce these into each step of tissue preparation for cases where IHC studies are anticipated in this instance the logistical issues of production, distribution, and inclusion of the reference standard into all phases of tissue processing also must be considered, along with attendant costs. 

The observation of pores in the anodic oxide with a density in the order of 1011 cnT2 [Agl] supports the so-called fluctuating pore model [Lel3]. This model assumes that randomly distributed pores in the oxides work as charge collecting centers, which lead to oscillations synchronized by the applied external electric field. It should be noted that the observed pore density corresponds well with the roughness at the oxide-electrolyte interface observed after the stress-induced transition of an anodic oxide, as shown in Fig. 5.5. 

UPS did not stop with its synchronized commerce initiative, which, in my judgment, was more revolutionary then evolutionary. Chairman Eskew also codified and explained to UPS employees and to Wall Street, UPS s new organic growth strategy. And Eskew named this strategy the Four Quadrant model based on the University of North Carolina basketball team s use of the four-quadrant offense. As he stated, We will call our offense for innovation The Four Quadrants which focuses on innovating existing business operations internally and externally and, likewise, focuses innovation on new entrepreneurial ventures both internally and externally. ... 

---