Logistics Issues

In addition to the financial issues, logistic factors might also be significantly important in the international supplier selection decision. Cebi and Bayraktar (2003) state that delivery lead time, supply lots, flexibility in changing the order, delivery in good condition, and capacity to meet demand are just some of the criteria considered in this category. We will discuss international logistics in detail in Section 8.5. 

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Logistical issues, such as the date the selection process commences, how to apply, dates for the start of the mentoring program etc. 

Two different and possibly complementary approaches have been explored. One utilizes a panel of quantifiable internal reference standards (QIRS), which are common proteins present widely in tissues in relatively consistent amounts.11,22 In this instance because the reference proteins are intrinsic to the tissue they are necessarily subjected to identical fixation and processing, and incur no additional handling or cost, other than synchronous performance of a second IHC assay (stain), such that the intensity of reaction for the QIRS and the test analyte can be compared by IA, allowing calculation of the amount of test analyte (protein) present on a formulaic standard curve basis. The other approach seeks to identify external reference materials and to introduce these into each step of tissue preparation for cases where IHC studies are anticipated in this instance the logistical issues of production, distribution, and inclusion of the reference standard into all phases of tissue processing also must be considered, along with attendant costs. 

The new fixative approach presents very large logistical issues, including a long transition period when both the new fixative and formalin would be in use in different laboratories across the world. In addition, archival banks for FFPE tissues would diminish in value and become worthless as techniques adapted to the new fixative tissues. On the other hand, data are... 

An alternative approach for alleviating these logistical issues, that may be amendable to some assay, is to use assay-ready frozen stocks. Cells frozen at high concentration would be seeded into assay plates and used later that day or the next. The build-up of frozen stock reserves is then independent of current demand and can even be purchased directly from suppliers. At least one such supplier has taken a step further by also providing ready-to-use assay plates with cells frozen within. By simply adding media it is possible to revitalize the cells and run your assay within hours [2]. 

Eskenazi, B., E.A. Gladstone, G.S. Berkowitz, C.H. Drew, E.M. Faustman, N.T. Holland, B. Lanphear, S.J. Meisel, F.P. Perera, V.A. Rauh, A. Sweeney, R.M. Whyatt, and K. Yolton. 2005. Methodologic and logistic issues in conducting longitudinal birth cohort studies Lessons learned from the Centers for Children s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environ. Health Perspect. 113(10) 1419-1429. 

The pot of gold at the end of the rainbow for low-temperature fuel cells is to replace the internal combustion engines in hundreds of millions of cars, and that creates technical, cost, and logistical issues that are unique to pems. For instance, can hydrogen fuel be delivered to millions of pem vehicles safely, conveniently, and... 

Once an adequate RSTS has been assembled and characterized, the next step is to test each of the materials in the alternative method. Many logistical issues need to be carefully monitored during this phase of typical large validation studies, and a few are particularly important. First, careful communication between the participants is essential. Those involved in validation studies must never underestimate the possibility for misunderstanding. Second, preliminary runs of the alternative methods using a small subset of test substances are particularly useful in helping to identify and solve start-up problems... 

During the meeting, all major points and requirements of the protocol are reviewed and discussed. Procedures for subject enrollment are particularly important as this is the area that may cause most of the problems for the site. During the presentation, participants may raise important medical or logistical issues that have or have not been anticipated by the protocol authors. It is important to note these concerns and communicate them to the protocol authors, as appropriate. 

Specific to transportation and logistics issues, some applications include ... 

The order in which hazards analyses are carried out is usually determined by a preliminary consequence ranking i.e., those processes which have the potential for creating the most serious consequences are analyzed first. This can be done through the use of a Major Hazards Screening. In practice, the order in which hazards analyses are carried out is also affected by logistical issues such as the availability of up-to-date P IDs or of key personnel to serve as hazards analysis team members. 

The scribe should make sure that logistical issues such as the following have been addressed. 

To address the logistical issues of potential analyses, transport infrastructures geographical information systems can be used (see Section 4.4.4). 

The application of SCR to diesel cars and trucks presents some obvious logistical issues. On-board storage of ammonia, either anhydrous or in aqueous solution, poses safety hazards. Aqueous solutions of urea are used instead. The solution is sprayed through an atomizing nozzle into the exhaust gas stream. The... 

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