Explosive ordnance working

W.A.Schmelling,Badger Ordnance Works, TechReptNo 176(1957) (Reclamation of NC and NG from scrap double-base proplnts for use in ball powder manuf) 18)J.H.Herd,Naval Ordnance Lab. NavOrd Rept No 6I31(1958)(Approval of ball powder type WC-860 for use in the explosive actuator MK 4 MOD O) 19)J.J.O Neil G.R.Cox, USP 2830886(1958) (A process for the manuf of globular proplnt) 20)R.L.Cook E.A.Andrew,... 

Bases Used in the Manufacture of Explosives and Propellants Following are a few examples of bases used in expl plants and labs a)Ca hydroxide has been used as a catalyzer in some reactions and as neutralizer of acidic wastes from plants manufg acids, TNT, etc b)Ammonium hydroxide- as a neutralizer of acidic materials and as a purifier of crude TNT(such as was practiced during WWII at the Vest Virginia Ordnance Works). Its use in chem labs is very extensive c)Na hydroxide has been used in some plants for neutralizing acidic substances. For instance, red waters(< -v) of TNT plants are neutralized and made alkaline prior to their concn in stills. Lab uses include titrations of acids manufd at the plants d)K hydroxide has been used in labs of plants for colorimetric testing of TNT and DNT, etc... 

A complete description of methods used during WWII at the Keystone Ordnance Works, Meadville,Pa was given in Ref Ref G.D.Cliff B.T.Fedoroff, "A Manual of Explosives Laboratories , Lefax,Philadelphia, Vol 3, Chapter 2(1944),pp 19,21,23,24 28... 

Smith, "The NRA(National Rifle Association) Book of Small Arms, MilitaryService Publishing Co,Harrisburg,Pa(1952-l953),v 1-pistols and revolvers and v 2—rifles 73)G.M. Chinn, "The Machine Gun, US NavBurOrdn, GovtPrtgOff,Washington 25,DC,v 1(195 2)(U) v 2(1952) (C) (not used for this work) v3 (1953) (C) (not used for this work) and v 4 (1955) (U) 74)Anon, "Soviet Projectiles Identification Guide, Dept of the Army Tech Manual TM 30—240(1953) (C) (not used as a source of info for this work) 75)Anon, "German Explosive Ordnance (Bombs,... 

CA 40, 2764(1946) (Polaro-graphic detn of azide ion in general and in LA in particular) 5)D.F. Vasil ev, Trudy-KomissiiAnalKhim, OtdelKhimNauk, 2, [5], 90-5(1949) CA 44, 9300-1(1950) (Polarogra-phic detn of Pb content of LA) 6)US Military Specification MIL-L 3055(1949) and Amendment 1 (1952) (Requirements for crystalline LA intended for use in manuf of detonators, fuzes and priming compns) 7)W.H. Rinkenbach A. J.Clear, "Standard Laboratory Procedures for Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives , PicArsnTech Rept 1401 (1944), Revised in 1950 8)J. Bernstein, "Determination of Moisture Content of Lead Azide , PicArsnGenLab Rept 51-H1-2331 (1951) (Comparison of closed and open vessel techniques) 9)US Rubber Co, Kankakee Ordnance Works, Joliet,... 

PP 965-68(Pistols) v 20,pp 802-13(Small arms) v 22,p 300—2(Torpedoes) and v 23, pp 454—5(Weapons) 70)Anon, "British Explosive Ordnance, Dept of the Army Tedi Manual TM 9-1985-1(1952) (C) (not used as a source of info for diis work) 71)Anon, "Fundamentals of Small Arms, Dept of the Army Tech Manual TM 9-2205, Washington.25,DC(1952) 71a)Gen6tal Challeat, "Histoire Technique de I Ar-... 

U) 74)Anon, "Soviet Projectiles Identification Guide, Dept of the Army Tech Manual TM 30-240(1953) (C) (not used as a source of info for this work) 75)Anon, "German Explosive Ordnance (Bombs,... 

CBIRF s mission statement indicates that it has capabilities for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) detection, identification, and reconnaissance casualty extraction casualty decontamination technical rescue provision of medical trauma supplies and explosive ordnance disposal. It works best if it can be pre-positioned. Its strengths include these ... 

Joint Service Safety and Performance Manual for Qualification of Explosives for Military Use, Prepared by Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Air Launched Non-Nuclear Ordnance, Working Party for Explosives, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J., 1971. 

OB/OD remains a useful disposal option. For example, a military team working with explosive ordnance devices may recommend using OD to dispose of chemical munitions that are believed to be in a dangerous condition, either because the fuze is armed and shock sensitive or because the munition has seriously deteriorated. Using OD, the munition need not be moved because it can be disposed of in place. 

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) normally specifies protective requirements. However, they have not become involved with ordnance work therefore, some interpolation is necessary. For chemical shells that also contain an explosive filler, there is no suitable personal protective equipment (PPE). 

Some companies can provide Explosive Ordnance Safety and Awareness Briefings to all personnel working on a site as part of the overall site induction training and health and safety seminars. They can also provide services to deal with or remove ordnance which may reduce downtime on site. 

The OPCW Health and Safety Office will give attention not only to chemical hazards, but to any hazard which a working environment may present to OPCW persoimel. The dangers of explosives in working areas, including unexploded ordnance, may be a particular hazard to OPCW personnel, and must receive attention in the health and safety plan for any activity. Attention will also be given to aspects such as radiation, noise, dust, mechanical, electrical and environmental hazards, the use of pressure vessels and lasers, etc. 

Fuze, Auxiliary Detonating (ADF). An additional fuze used to augment the output of a fuze explosive train or to increase the overall safety features of an item of ammunition (Compare with "Activator described in Section 2, Part A of this work, Glossary of Ordnance and Other Terms Used in This Description of Ordnance Items")... 

For underwater work, a combination system is recommended. Best results are obtd when die detonating cord is led from the main chge to a point above the surface of die water. An electric blasting cap is then attached to the cord and connected to the blasting machine or other power supply. This combination gives positive results because all electrical connections are above water Ref Anon, Use of Explosives in Underwater Salvage , US Navy Dept, Bureau of Ordnance Pamphlet DP 2081(1956), Chapter 5, pp 28-38... 

In order to make the Encyclopedia ascompactas possible we used abbreviations, many of which are the same as used in Chemical Abstracts except that periods after abbreviations are omitted. A list of abbreviations symbols, code letters and special designations of items connected with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, ammunition and weapons is included in this work. This list is placed immediately before the Encyclopedia proper (see Abbreviations, pp Abbr 1-59) and also includes abbreviations and code letters for various Ordnance establishments, industrial installations and scientific institutions, both US and foreign. Some additional abbreviations are given in a supplementary list (see Abbreviations, pp Abbr 59-65). Wherever we have been able to do so and are permitted by security regulations, the meaning of code letters on ammunition, weapons and other military items is briefly explained... 

Figure 56. C. G. Storm. Author of numerous articles and government publications on the properties, testing, and analysis of smokeless powder and high explosives. Explosives Chemist at Navy Powder Works, 1901-1909, at U. S. Bureau of Mines, 1909-1915 Directing Chemist, Aetna Explosives Company, 1915-1917 Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, Ordnance Department, 1917-1919 Research Chemist, Trojan Powder Company, 1919 Chief Explosives Chemical Engineer, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, War Department, 1919-1942 since early in 1942, Technical Director, National Fireworks, Inc.

He served as explosives chemist at the Naval Powder Works (1901—1909) at the US BuMines (1909—1915) was directing chemist for Aetna Explosives Co (1915—1917) consulting expls chemist and Lt Colonel, US Ordn Dept (1917— 1919) research chemist, Trojan Powder Co (1919) prof of chemical engineering, Ordn School of Application, Aberdeen Proving Ground (1920—1921) chief of expls section, Office Chief of Ordnance (1921—1942) and technical director, National Fireworks Co (1942—1945). He retired in 1945... 

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