Explosions general

Anon, Explosives, General. Aluminized Explosives in Underwater Stores , BritOrdnBoardProc E 346 (July 1951) 57) Anon,... 

Explosives, General Bombs, Aircraft. Aluminized and Ammonium Nitrate Composition Explosives in Aircraft Bombs , BritQrdnBoardProc Q7Q87 BritO rdnBoardlnvestigation 1089 2038 (Nov 1951) 58) Anon, High Explo-... 

Tetrazene (C2H8N10O) is a pale yellow crystalline explosive generally used in ignition caps, where a small amount is added to the explosive composition to improve its sensitivity to percussion and friction. Tetrazene is not suitable for filling detonators because its compaction properties make the transition from burning to detonation very difficult. This primary explosive is stable in ambient temperatures. Its ignition temperature is lower and it is slightly more sensitive to impact than mercury fulminate. 

High explosive Generally a chemical substance or mixture capable of detonation. 

Low explosive Generally a chemical compound or mixture that can deflagrate without the addition of atmospheric oxygen. 

Noninitiating Explosives, General Tests (1347) Auxiliary Tests for Specific Materials RDX, Composition A-3, Comp B, Comp C, Torpex, Tritonal, Amatol, Ammonal (1347 1349). Colorimetric tests for some expls are on p 1348... 

Rogers and Harrison [103] tried to determine the conditions governing this phenomenon, i.e. the explosion during the growth of /Mead azide. Their experiments, which are illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 46, were carried out in a test-tube. Three solutions were carefully introduced so that they did not mix. The bottom layer consisted of 20% lead nitrate (2 cm3). The middle layer was 20% sodium nitrate (1 cm3). The top layer was 10% sodium azide (2 cm3). Crystals of lead azide formed in the sodium nitrate layer after ihr. They appeared to start from the walls and spread inwards. A major explosion generally occurred in the system after the crystals had been growing for 6-12 hr. A series of very small explosions accompanied by clicks sometimes preceded the major explosion. 

When an explosive is initiated either to burning or detonation, its energy is released in the form of heat. The liberation of heat under adiabatic conditions is called the heat of explosion, denoted by the letter Q. The heat of explosion provides information about the work capacity of the explosive, where the effective propellants and secondary explosives generally have high values of Q. For propellants burning in the chamber of a gun, and secondary explosives in detonating devices, the heat of explosion is conventionally expressed in terms of constant volume conditions Qv. For rocket propellants burning in the combustion chamber of a rocket motor under conditions of free expansion to the atmosphere, it is conventional to employ constant pressure conditions. In this case, the heat of explosion is expressed as Qp. 

If the rate of the chain reaction exceeds a certain level, the reactor will become too hot and begin to melt. Control rods—made from neutron-absorbing elements, such as boron or cadmium, and inserted between the fuel rods—help to control the number of available neutrons and the rate of nuclear reaction. All explosions in nuclear power plants have been chemical explosions, generally from overheating. 

HAZARD the melting point of iodylbenzene (231-240°C) is also its decomposition point, accompanied by explosion. Generally, all iodylbenzenes are potentially explosive when heated a violent decomposition of iodylbenzene (dry sample) has been induced by scraping with a spatula. 

Solid propellants are solid materials that are capable of experiencing exothermic reactions without the addition of any other reactants. They are employed mainly as propellants for rocket vehicles and as propelling charges for projectiles in guns. It is intended that the propellants will deflagrate, because a detonation would be damaging. Therefore, sensitive explosives generally are not employed as solid propellants solid-propellant formulations must be sufficiently metastable to resist transition to detonation. 

USE As primer in explosives. Generally used in the form of dextrinated Lead azide ... 

Astrolite G explosives generally utilize hydrazine nitrate and/or hydrazine perchlorate as the oxidant, and hydrazine as the combustible. To improve the physical properties of such liquid explosives, ammonia is often added to decrease the... 

Finnigan Mat [86] report that different lots of explosives can be distinguished from each other based on carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Lots of explosives generally refer to explosives that are manufactured by a continuous process as opposed to batches which are made in discrete groups with set quantities of starting materials. TNT samples were collected from three different sources, analyzed by EA-IRMS, and the results compared. The authors highlighted that further research was needed to determine whether the isotope ratio values were a result of different production sites, different lots of substrate in the production process, or postproduction adulteration. 

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