Safety expert systems

E. Stem, personal communication. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Asbestos Advisor (Expert System software). Release 1.0, OSHA, Washington, D.C., 1996 (available at http //www.osha.gov). 

Electrical engineering Equipment design Expert systems Extraction Failure analysis Flow analysis Safety... 

CCPS G-36. Expert Systems in Process Safety. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, New York. 

There are some aspects of process design in which decisions are based primarily on past experience rather than on quantitative performance models. Problems of this type include the selection of constraction materials, the selection of appropriate models for evaluating the physical properties of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures of components, and the selection of safety systems. Advances in expert systems technology and information management will have a profound impact on expressing the solutions to these problems. 

Smithing MP, Darvas F. Hazardexpert an expert system for predicting chemical toxicity. In Finlay JW, Robinson SF, Armstrong DJ, editors, Food safety assessment. Washington DC American Chemical Society, 1992. p. 191-200. 

Guidelines for Safe Storage and Handling of High Toxic Hazard Materials Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models Understanding Atmospheric Dispersion of Accidental Releases Expert Systems in Process Safety... 

The range of applications of expert systems in science is very wide, limited primarily by the considerable effort that is often needed to prepare one. Typical applications include the work of Pole, Ando, and Murphy on the prediction of the degradation of pharmaceuticals 1 Nuzillard and Emerenciano s work on structure elucidation from two-dimensional NMR data 2 the work of Patlewicz and co-authors on sensitization 3 and of Prine in another area connected to safety, that of MSDS data.4 The number of publications runs to several hundred per year, covering a great diversity of topics. 

Prine, B., Expert system for fire and reactivity MSDS text, Proc. Safety Prog., 26, 123,2006. 

An expert process operator, once alerted, will focus attention on the problem. This may involve invoking procedure rules for safety or other reasons, and it may involve assembling information and primary analyses to allow inference about the problem. Logic rules and procedures are used when required for the diagnostic inference. The expert system mimics the expert process operator in this regard Logic rules and procedures are invoked specifically when they are required for diagnosis of a process problem, or as requested for a specific step in inference. 

Smithing, M.P. and Darvas, F., Hazard expert an expert system for predicting chemical toxicity, in Food Safety Assessment, Finlay, J.W., Robinson, S.F., Armstrong, D.J., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1992, pp. 191-200. 

Taylor, S., Petridis, M., Knight, B., Ewer, J., Galea, E.R., and Patel, M. SMARTFIRE An integrated computational fluid dynamics code and expert system for fire field modelling. In Hasemi, Y. (ed.) Proceedings of Fifth (5th) International Symposium on Fire Safety Science. March 3-7, Melbourne, Australia. Boston, MA International Association for Fire Safety Science, 1997, pp. 1285-1296. 

The process-improvement approach to system safety evolved from an expert workshop and continuing dialogue on patient safety sponsored by the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF). ° This line of thinking says that study of the ultimate (rather than just the proximate) source of errors and ADEs is needed. Reason first developed the idea that harmful patient outcomes are the result of latent, small degradations within a system com-... 

The possible benefits of expert systems in all fields are so great, that these problems will be solved, making expert systems more cost effective. The cost of "doing chemistry" has skyrocketed. This increase has been caused by increased costs of equipment and raw materials, and the increased cost of handling chemicals safely. Expert systems applied to the areas listed above, and in this volume, can help increase productivity and safety in the field of chemistry. 

None of the documents noted above covers the questions specific to V V for knowledge-based expert systems, although many of the concepts discussed are applicable. And triple redundancy is useless unless the top level problems of safety have been addressed in system specification s. 

Peroxide hazard classification expert systems development at FM/Norwood is presently on hold until some of the resources noted become available. We have a way to go before a fully validated classification model is complete. At the same time, we are continuing to explore the possibility of using chemical database programs such as those available from Molecular Design Inc. and the University of Santiago, Chile (ARIUSA) as components of our chemical hazard expert systems. We are also looking at chemical databases on optical disc such as those available from DuPont, Aldrich, Micromedix and the Canadian Center for Occupational Safety and Health as components of future systems. 

Expert Systems for Control of Plant Operations in Real Time Using Expert Systems to Monitor Safety Margins for High Hazard Processes... 

Hutchinson TA, Dawid AP, Spiegelhalter D, Cowell RG, Roden S (1991b) Computerized aids for probabilistic assessment of drug safety 11 an expert system. Drug Information Journal 25 41—48. 

---