Rates experience - prospective

Depending on provisions in apphcable compensation laws, there are multiple methods that may set premium rates for an insurer s customers. The key methods are manual rating, schedule rating, experience rating (prospective and retrospective), fixed rates, and premium discounts. 

The only apprehension of prospective industrial radiation processors with the nonmeasurability criterion comes from the analogies with the history of pesticide residues in foods U). Pesticides are cleared on the basis of either zero tolerance or finite tolerance, and use is rated as safe for a zero-tolerance pesticide when the residue on foods cannot be measured. However, improvements in measurement techniques with time have changed the definition of zero tolerance, sometimes abruptly. Radiation processors are apprehensive of similar experiences with radioactivity induced in food. 

Ambiguity- there should be no statements that might require interpretation by the scientific staff during conduct of the study. This applies particularly to those factors where numbers are critical. Examples are dose rates or application levels, sacrifice or harvest intervals, and replication requirements. The protocol, however, must also retain a degree of flexibility in those areas where exact definition is not needed or cannot be determined prospectively. Specifications should not be so detailed that there is no allowance for equivalent substitution. Usually, it is not necessary to specify brand names however, there may be times when experience dictates that a specific brand or manufacturer are required to perform a given function. In those cases, of course, specificity is not only desirable but mandatory. 

Molecular mechanics is a rapidly evolving held that is now finding remarkable successes in the membrane channel held which may be well suited to the conditions applied. Thus it is most useful not only when molecular mechanics can rationalize the experimentally determined rates of conductance and selectivities, but when it also serves to allow predictive simulations that test hypotheses prior to experiment. In these cases the technology has reached a most useful prospective phase. 

Prospective daily self-rating of symptoms for two menstrual cycles (e.g.. Prospective Record of the Impact and Severity of Menstruation [PRISM], the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences [COPE], Menstrual Distress Questionnaire [MDQ], Visual Analogue Scale ]VAS[)... 

The AV data of Fig. 5.1 that are satisfactorily accounted for by Eqs (5.5)-(5.8) are fewer in number than the anomalous cases of Table 5.1. This is a rather unsatisfactory situation, even though most of the anomalies can be explained away - indeed, deviations from the predictions of Eqs (5.5)-(5.8) can often provide important mechanistic information. More AV data are clearly desirable, but the prospects for further successful experiments are poor. The measurements of AV summarized in Fig. 5.1 and Table 5.1 were obtained at high pressures by radiochemical tracer methods for the slowest reactions [12, 17, 25], NMR linebroadening techniques for the faster cases [11, 13, 15, 19-22, 34], and stopped-flow circular dichroism [13, 14, 18] for moderately rapid reactions of reactants that could be prepared as resolved enantiomers. There are, however, many self-exchange reactions that are inaccessible to these techniques. For example, rates of electron transfer in couples where both reactants have unpaired electrons generally cannot be studied by NMR methods, while other couples that undergo electron transfer at intermediate rates may not be resolvable into optical isomers or be amenable to radiochemical sampling procedures under pressure. 

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