Expeller process

Expeller cocoa butter is the fat prepared by the expeller process from cocoa beans singly or in combination with cocoa nib, cocoa mass, cocoa presscake and low fat cocoa presscake. It may be treated only by filtering, centrifugation, degumming and deodorization by normal methods. 

Figure 9. Different products (oil, full-fat meal, and partially defatted meal) from the extrusion and expelling process. Courtesy of Insta-Pro International, des Monies, Iowa. (This figure is available in full color at http //www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/biofp.)...

Sharma, N. K., Lodhi, G. N., and Ichhponani, J. S. (1978). Comparative feeding value of expeller processed undecorticated and decorticated cottonseed cakes for growing chicks. J. Agric. Sci. 91, 531-541. 

COCOnut oil meal. The dried and crushed form of coconut cake recovered from the hydraulic or expeller process of extraction of oil from the meat. The usual product of commerce contains 24.2%... 

Table 5.9 shows the data on tocopherols, sterols and carotenoids, published by Bordoulina and Popov (1974). Table 5.10 shows the individual phospholipids in crude sunflower oil from the same literature source. Crude sunflower oil from the expeller process contains less than 0.2% of phospholipids. 

D. (3-5) Rely on cold-trapping and then rapid healing of the column segment for the collect/expel process. The heating may be provided by a secondary heated gas flow, or just the stirred oven. (6 and 7) Are valve-based sampling methods which subsample the peak from D into D. 

In the press process, the seed from which oil is to be removed is cracked and crushed to produce flakes about 0.25 mm thick, which are cooked at temperatures up to 104 °C for 15-20 minutes. The temperature is then raised to about 110-115 °C until the moisture content is reduced to about 30 g/kg. The material is then passed through a perforated horizontal cylinder in which revolves a screw of variable pitch that gives pressures up to 40 MN/m. The residue from screw pressing usually has an oil content of 25-40 g/kg. The cylindrical presses used for extraction are called expellers and the method of extraction is usually referred to as the expeller process. 

A method of extracting the fat content from oilseeds by the application of heat and mechanical pressure. The hydraulic and expeller processes are both methods of mechanical extraction. 

The extracted cake is ground to yield a 20 to 42% protein meal, with the higher protein content obtained from decorticated (dehulled) seed. Meal produced by the solvent method contains about 1% fat vs 5% when the expeller process is used. Safflower meal is of good quality, although somewhat deficient in lysine and methionine. 

The expeller process tends to extract less oil than the solvent process consequently, it is used less frequently. Generally, expeller-extract soybean meal contains 4 to 5% oil while solvent-extracted soybean meal contains less than 1 %. 

The halogen displacement polymerization proceeds by a combination of the redistribution steps described for oxidative coupling polymerization and a sequence in which a phenoxide ion couples with a phenoxy radical (eq. 11) and then expels a bromide ion. The resultant phenoxy radical can couple with another phenoxide in a manner that is analogous to equation 11 or it can redistribute with other aryloxy radicals in a process analogous to equations 7 and 8. 

Processes for Sulfation of Fatty Alcohols with GISO H. Lauryl alcohol is batch sulfated by gradual addition of CISO H to lauryl alcohol in a glass-lined stirred reactor over about a 2.5-h period at a temperature of 26—32°C. Gaseous HCl is expelled, aided by a slow continuous N2... 

Charcoal—sulfur processes need low ash hardwood charcoal, prepared at 400—500°C under controlled conditions. At the carbon disulfide plant site, the charcoal is calcined before use to expel water and residual hydrogen and oxygen compounds. This precalcination step minimises the undesirable formation of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide. Although wood charcoal is preferred, other sources of carbon can be used including coal (30,31), lignite chars (32,33), and coke (34). Sulfur specifications are also important low ash content is necessary to minimise fouling of the process equipment. 

The Cardiac Cycle. The heart (Eig. lb) performs its function as a pump as a result of a rhythmical spread of a wave of excitation (depolarization) that excites the atrial and ventricular muscle masses to contract sequentially. Maximum pump efficiency occurs when the atrial or ventricular muscle masses contract synchronously (see Eig. 1). The wave of excitation begins with the generation of electrical impulses within the SA node and spreads through the atria. The SA node is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart and exhibits automaticity, ie, it depolarizes and repolarizes spontaneously. The wave then excites sequentially the AV node the bundle of His, ie, the penetrating portion of the AV node the bundle branches, ie, the branching portions of the AV node the terminal Purkinje fibers and finally the ventricular myocardium. After the wave of excitation depolarizes these various stmetures of the heart, repolarization occurs so that each of the stmetures is ready for the next wave of excitation. Until repolarization occurs the stmetures are said to be refractory to excitation. During repolarization of the atria and ventricles, the muscles relax, allowing the chambers of the heart to fill with blood that is to be expelled with the next wave of excitation and resultant contraction. This process repeats itself 60—100 times or beats per minute... 

It is shown that metrological characteristics of the suggested methods are commensurable. Dissolved gas is pushed away by front of crystallization, takes the air and does not influence on the obtained results during the analysis of the water. Process is carried out at the lower temperature (-15°C), expelling chemical transformations of ingredients. The procedure was tested on different samples of natural and drinking water of the Kharkov region. 

Tangential crossflow filtration Process where the feed stream sweeps the membrane surface and the particulate debris is expelled, thus extending filter life. The filtrate flows through the membrane. Most commonly used in the separation of high-and-low-molecular weight matter such as in ultrapure reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and submicron microfiltration processes. 

Mechanical Force. Liquid can be readily expelled from a spongelike particulate mass of solid by using various pressing techniques. With this method, mechanical energy is used to force the liquid containing the particulate matter through a porous bed. The particulate matter is held in the pores in the bed. When the pressure drop reaches a certain level, replacement or backwashing takes place. This process may be either intermittent or continuous. 

Respiration Physiological process of taking in oxygen and expelling oxida-... 

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