Exocrine secretions

ARAI I, KOMATSU Y, HIRAI Y, SHINGU K, IDA Y, YAMAURA H, YAMAMOTO T, KUROIWA Y, SASAKI K, TAGUCHI s (1997) Stimulative effects of saponin from kikyo-to, a Japanese herbal medicine, on pancreatic exocrine secretion of conscious rats. Planta Med. 63 419-24. 

JORDINSON M, DEPREZ P H, PLAYFORD R J, HEAL S, FREEMAN T 0, ALISON M, CALAM J (1996) Soybean lectin stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion via CCK-A receptors in rats. Am J Physiol. 270 G653-9. 

TOSKES p p (1986) Negative feedback inhibition of pancreatic exocrine secretion in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol. 199 143-52. 

Greger, R., Kunzelmann, K., Lohrmann, E. and Hansen, C.P. (1991) In Ionic Basis and Energy Metabolism of Epithelial Transport, Hot aspects from exocrine secretion (Murakami, M., Ed.), pp. 167-170, Kebun Printing, Okazaki. 

Burger, B.V., Tien, F.-C., LeRoux, M. and Mo, W.-P. (1996) Mammalian exocrine secretions X. Constituents of preorbital secretion of grysbok, Raphicerus melanotis. J.Chem.Ecol. 22, 739-764. 

Keywords Mammalian semiochemicals Mammalian pheromones Mammalian exocrine secretions Chemical communication Territorial marking... 

Only a few compounds or mixtures of compounds have been shown beyond doubt to be mammalian pheromones. This is the main reason why the subject matter of this chapter is not restricted to pheromones and why exocrine secretions and other mammalian excretions in general will be discussed as possible sources of pheromones, even though their role in the chemical communication of the species under discussion has not yet been established. Feeding deterrents are not discussed. In general defensive secretions are also not discussed, but the anal sac secretions of the mustelids are included, because it is possible that these secretions could also fulfill a semiochemical role, in addition to being used for defense. 

Bacterial activity has been shown to be responsible for volatile organic compounds in, among many others, the exocrine secretions of beavers (see above), the anal sacs of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes, and Hon, Panthera leo [85], and the inguinal pouch of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus [86]. No bacteria were, however, found in the anal gland of the European mole, T. europaea [87]. 

Chemical work on the exocrine secretions of African antelope has concentrated on the interdigital secretions of members of the subfamily Alcelaphinae and the preorbital secretions of members of the subfamilies Antilopinae and Cephalo-phinae. 

Most of the research on human exocrine secretions and excretions has probably been devoted to the chemistry of human skin lipids. To a certain extent, this could be due to the interest of the cosmetic industry in the chemical compounds found on the human skin and the chemical processes they are subjected to by the environment. It is possible that some of the proprietary in-... 

Although quite a detailed picture of the compound types that are generally found in the exocrine secretions of the artiodactyls is slowly emerging, attempts to demonstrate the semiochemical activity of these compounds in field tests were not met with unqualified success, probably because it is mostly not feasible to apply the so-called response-guided strategy in work on the artiodactyls. Nevertheless, an enormous volume of chemical information has been made available to zoologists that are interested in studying these animals. 

The human body contains lactoperoxidase, a product of exocrine secretion into milk, saliva, tears, etc., and peroxidases with specialized functions in saliva, the thyroid, eosinophils,219 and neutrophils.220 The functions are largely protective but the enzymes also participate in biosynthesis. Mammalian peroxidases have heme covalently linked to the proteins, as indicated in Fig. 16-12 220 222a... 

Meinwald J., Meinwald Y. C., Wheeler J. W., Eisner T. and Brower L. P. (1966) Major components in the exocrine secretion of a male butterfly (Lycorea). Science 151, 583-585. 

Chemically, human hair contains approximately 85 percent protein, 7 percent water, 3 percent lipid, 4.7 percent protein-bound sulfur (as cystine), and low concentrations of trace minerals (e.g., iron, zinc, copper). The phosphorus content is approximately 80 milligrams per 100 grams (0.003 ounces per 3.5 ounces) of hair. Hair is normally associated with sebum and exocrine secretions from skin glands that confer greasiness but influence its water content and mechanical and physical properties. 

Do Nascimento, R., Billen, J. R and Morgan, E.D. (1993). The exocrine secretions of the jumping ant Harpegnathos saltator. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 104B, 505-508. 

Morgan, E.D. (2008). Chemical sorcery for sociality Exocrine secretions of ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Myrmecol. News, 11, 79-90. 

Human lactoferrin (HL) is a component of innate immunity. Human lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in milk, granulocytes and exocrine secretions. It is released during inflammation, has bactericidal effects and reduces cytokine production by binding to the lipid A portion of endotoxin (Appelmelk et al., 1994). 

The digestive pattern is initiated by stimulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion due to imagination, sight, smell, and taste of food (i.e., the so-called cephalic phase of pancreatic... 

What proportion of normal pancreatic exocrine secretion is needed to prevent steatorrhea ... 

Which hormonal mediators stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion and are used for direct pancreatic function testing ... 

Slaff J, Jacobson D, Tillman CR, et al. Protease-specific suppression of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Gastroenterology 87 44-52,1984. 

Kimetal. (1993) studied the effect of [(CH2NH)4,51-secretin on pancreatic exocrine secretion in guinea pigs and rats using an acute pancreatic fistula preparation. 

Niederau et al. (1990), Tachibana et al. (1996) determined pancreatic exocrine secretion in mice. Because the cannulation of mouse pancreatic duct is not possible for technical reasons, the amount of amylase was determined in vivo. Five min after i.v. administration of candidate compounds, mice were sacrificed and a 5 cm-duodenal loop was removed. 

Niederau C, Niederau M, Luthen R et al. (1990) Pancreatic exocrine secretion in acute experimental pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 99 1120-1127... 

Ninomiya et al. (1998) studied the effects of a cholecystokinin A receptor antagonist on pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by exogenously administered CCK-8 in conscious dogs with chronic pancreatic fistula. 

Niebergall-Roth E, Teyssen S, Singer MV (1997) Pancreatic exocrine studies in intact animals history and current methods. Lab Animal Science 47 606-615 Ninomiya K, Saito T, Wakatsuki K et al. (1998) Effects of loxiglumide on pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin-8 in conscious dogs. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 48 52-54... 

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