Exercise training chronic

R. Bellardinelli, D. Georgiou, G. Cianci, A. Purcaro, Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure effect on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome, Circulation 99, 1173-82 (1999). 

As acute strenuous exercise and chronic exercise training increase the requirement for various antioxidants, it is conceivable that dietary supplementation of specific antioxidants would be beneficial. Older subjects may be more susceptible to oxidative stress and may benefit from the antioxidant protection provided by vitamin E. During severe oxidative stress such as strenuous exercise, the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems of skeletal muscle are not able to cope with the massive free-radical formation, which results in an increase in lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E decreases exercise-induced lipid peroxidation. The exercise may increase superoxide anion generation in the heart, and the increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in skeletal muscle may be... 

Somani, S.M. and Husain, K., Interaction of exercise training and chronic ethanol ingestion on antioxidant system of rat brain regions, J. Appl. Toxicol., 17, 329, 1997. 

Husain K. and Somani, S.M., Effect of exercise training and chronic ethanol ingestion on cholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in blood and brain regions of rat, Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat., 22, 411, 1998. 

Lenk K, Schur R, Linke A et al. (2009) Impact of exercise training on myostatin expression in the myocardium and skeletal muscle in a chronic heart failure model. Eur J Heart Pail 11, 342-348. 

Rochester CL. Exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Rehabil Res Dev 2003 40(5 suppl 2) 59-80. 

Harris S, LeMaitre JP, Mackenzie G, et al. A randomized study of home-based electrical stimulation of the legs and conventional bicycle exercise training for patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2003 24(9) 871-878. 

Deley G, Kervio G, Verges B, et al. Comparison of low-frequency electrical myostimulation and conventional aerobic exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005 12 226-233. 

Nonoyama ML, Brooks D, Lacasse Y, et al. Oxygen therapy during exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 (2) CD005372. 

Influence of Chronic Exercise Training on Cantitine Status.211... 

Influence oe Chronic Exercise Training on Carnitine Status... 

Mackinnon, L.T., Chronic exercise training effects on immune function, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, S369, 2000. 

Heat Acclimatization and Endurance Training. Primary adaptive responses to repeated intermittent exposure to exercise in the heat are (1) chronic expansion of the plasma volume, (2) increased retention of body sodium, (3) Increased capacity for sweating and, hence. 

---