Treadmill exercise

Caracciolo EA, Chaitman BR, Forman SA, et al. Diabetics with coronary disease have a prevalence of asymptomatic ischemia during exercise treadmill testing and ambulatory ischemia monitoring similar to that of nondiabetic patients An ACIP database study. ACIP Investigators. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot Investigators. Circulation 1996 93 2097-2105. 

Mark DB, Hlatky MA, Harrell FE Jr, et al.Exercise treadmill score for predicting prognosis in coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1987 106(6) 793-800. 

A total of 79 patients with chronic stable angina was enrolled into the AGENT trial. Patients could exercise for > 3 min in an exercise treadmill test (ETT) using the modified Balke protocol. The adenovirus vector was infused over 90 seconds through subselective catheters into all major patent coronary arteries and grafts (40% into the right coronary distribution and 60% into the left coronary distribution). Repeat ETTs were performed at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment [13]. 

Fig. 6.12 Mean ( SEM) change in total exercise treadmill test (ETT) time for patients at 4 and 12 weeks after intracoronary infusion of lO v.p. of Ad5FGF4 (n = 22) or placebo (n = 19).

ET endotracheal esotropia eustachian tube ejection time exercise treadmill... 

Patients were randomized to have the CRT feature turned on or ojf. At 6 months, patients randomized to CRT on had significant improvement in quality of life, 6 min walk distance (39 vs. 10m, p = 0.005), NYHA functional class, exercise treadmill time, EF (+4.6 vs. -0.2%, p < 0.001), and peak consumption. Furthermore, patients in the CRT on group had significantly fewer hospitahzations and fewer intravenous medications for the treatment of worsening heart failure. This study was instrumental in securing FDA approval for CRT devices in August 2001. 

Repeated periods of exercise reduce the likelihood of damage to skeletal muscle during subsequent bouts of the same form of exercise and this appears to be associated with an increase in the activity of muscle SOD (Higuchi et al. 1985), a reduced level of lipid peroxidation products during exercise in trained rats (Alessio and Goldfarb, 1988), and a modification of the concentration of antioxidants and activity of antioxidant enzymes in trained humans (Robertson etal., 1991). Packer and colleagues (Quintanilha etui., 1983 Packer, 1984) have also examined the exercise endurance of animals of modified antioxidant capacity and found that vitamin E-deficient rats have a reduced endurance capacity, while Amelink (1990) has reported that vitamin E-deficient rats have an increased amount of injury following treadmill exercise. 

Treadmill or bicycle exercise ECG, commonly referred to as a "stress test," is considered positive for IHD if the ECG shows at least a 1 mm deviation of the ST-segment (depression or elevation). 

Kishi and coworkers used a commercial NO-selective microelectrode to monitor the effect that exercise has on platelet-derived NO [110], This study used 23 healthy male non-smokers who underwent treadmill exercise. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and directly following exercise and blood platelets isolated. The study showed that NO concentration and platelet levels were increased following exercise. This increase in NO concentration is thought to play a role in the prevention of exercise induced platelet activation in humans. 

Oxygen Consumption This can be measured at rest and during exercise on a constant-load bicycle ergometer or a treadmill at a level producing a specified percentage of predicted maximal oxygen consumption. Expired air is collected and measured with a spirometer to determine total expired volume, and samples are analyzed for oxygen and carbon dioxide. 

It appears from the data in this table that a level of 2 mmol/L plasma fatty acid is about the highest that can be achieved in any condition so far studied. A similar message comes from studies on exercise in domestic animals. Florses that were ridden over 50 miles at an average speed of 8 mph had a plasma fatty acid concentration of 1.4 mmol/L. Dogs that had been run on a treadmill for 4 hours had a plasma concentration of 2.1 mmol/L. 

CN173 Thorling, E.B., N. O. Jacobsen, and K. Overvad. The effect of treadmill exercise on azoxymethane-induced intestinal neoplasia in the male Fischer rat on two different high-fat diets. Nutr... 

Many studies have demonstrated that nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and blockers increase time to onset of angina and ST depression during treadmill tests in patients with angina of effort (Figure 12-5). Although exercise tolerance increases, there is usually no change in the angina threshold, ie, the rate-pressure product at which symptoms occur. 

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