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Exchangeability equilibria

Many models have been proposed for adsorption and ion exchange equilibria. The most important factor in selecting a model from an engineering standpoint is to have an accurate mathematical description over the entire range of process conditions. It is usually fairly easy to obtain correcl capacities at selected points, but isotherm shape over the entire range is often a critical concern for a regenerable process. [Pg.1503]

Ion exchange equilibria. The ion exchange process, involving the replacement of the exchangeable ions Ar of the resin by ions of like charge Bs from a solution, may be written ... [Pg.190]

If X X = Y compounds of structure A have a center of chirality and the R-and S-enantiomers should be optically active. Since in Lewis add-base reactions exchange equilibria are often expected to be formed via transition state B, it seems quite difficult to synthesize one pure enantiomeric form ... [Pg.31]

Comparison of zinc alkoxide and zinc hydroxide bond energies has been made. The relative heterolytic bond energies for hydroxide, methoxide, ethoxide, and tert-butoxide were determined from studies of a series of alkoxide exchange equilibria using a four-coordinate monomeric zinc tris(pyrazolyl)borate compound.335... [Pg.1172]

A major consideration before the ligand exchange equilibria can be considered with reference to biological systems is the stability of a particular oxidation state in the biological medium. Low-spin complexes undergo rapid one-electron oxidation and reduction. As a biological system operates at a low redox potential, say —0.5 to 0.0 volts, reduced, i.e. low valence, states of the metals are to be expected. The metal complexes, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt and Au should be reduced to the metallic state in fact but for the slow speed of this reduction. The metals of Fig. 6 will tend to go to the following redox states ... [Pg.16]

Ion exchange equilibria are usually established or altered much faster at higher temperatures. Increasing the temperature will improve efficiency, decrease retention and may alter the selectivity of the separation. The use of organic solvents in the mobile phase will also cause retention to decrease, but because the use of solvents will change many of the variables in an ion-exchange separation, their other effects are not easy to predict. [Pg.113]

Recently, we have started exchange equilibria measurements923 involving complexes of the Ag ion, such as ... [Pg.304]

For an N-species system, with N c"s (or n s) known, the N n°s (or c s) can be found by simultaneous solution of the N — 1 independent i.j combinations for Eq. (16-45) using Eq. (16-44a) one nj/cl is assumed, the other values can be calculated using Eq. (16-45), and the sum of the trial n s (or c s) is compared with Eq. (16-44h). Because an N-component system has N — 1 independent concentrations, a three-component equilibrium can be plotted in a plane and a four-component equilibrium in a three-dimensional space. Figure 16-8 shows a triangular plot of c contours in equilibrium with the corresponding n coordinates. Improved models for ion-exchange equilibria are in Smith and, SJk... [Pg.17]

The spectrochemical series generally predicts the direction of ligand-exchange equilibria such as (4.69), with ligands to the right being more tightly bound (and... [Pg.438]

Where interactions between the (supercritical) gas and water are possible, there is rapid isotopic equilibration between the oxygen in C02 and H20. The potential to use this isotopic exchange equilibria as a measure of the extent of C02-water interaction, and thus as an indicator of C02 migration, is discussed in Kharaka etal. (2006). Unlike the results of Kharaka et al. (2006), there are no consistent changes in the oxygen isotopic composition of the fluid samples at the Otway site. [Pg.152]

Shiao, S. Y. (1979), "Ion Exchange Equilibria Between Montmorillonite and Solutions of Moderate to High Ionic Strength", in Radioactive Water in Geological Storage, ACS Symposium 100, Amer. Chem. Soc. [Pg.412]

Both approaches lead to identical standard thermodynamic values of exchange (9-10). Such a difference in the choice of the surface concentration scale is of course only important for heterovalent exchange equilibria. For the heterovalent case the numerical value for both selectivity coefficients, Kg (Gaines Thomas) and (Vanselov) differ and, consequently, their variation with surface composition also differs. [Pg.255]

Standard free energy changes of heterovalent exchange equilibria among complexes increase with charge density agreemen +with double layer expectations as shown for the Ag(en) ... [Pg.271]

Ion exchange equilibria involving alkali, alkaline earth (38) and transition metal ions (39) are reversible as a rule. Reversibility... [Pg.280]

Potassium-Calcium Exchange Equilibria in Aluminosilicate Minerals and Soils... [Pg.328]

P.W. Arnold (1-3) was an early pioneer of the work at Rothamsted. The present research programme was begun by 0. Talibudeen (4-6), with whom I began collaboration in 1974. This paper summarises our results and my more recent work on exchange equilibria (4-16). [Pg.329]


See other pages where Exchangeability equilibria is mentioned: [Pg.489]    [Pg.1506]    [Pg.1508]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.500]    [Pg.826]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.304]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.174]    [Pg.393]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.133]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.274]    [Pg.328]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.330]    [Pg.332]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.338]    [Pg.340]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.38 ]




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Anion-exchange equilibria

Binary Ion Exchange Equilibria

Cation exchange equations describing equilibrium

Equilibria, ion-exchange

Equilibrium cation exchange

Equilibrium constant deuterium exchange reaction between

Equilibrium constant exchange

Equilibrium constant water exchange

Equilibrium electrode potential charge-exchange reactions

Equilibrium electrode potential exchange current density

Equilibrium exchange

Equilibrium exchange

Equilibrium exchange current

Equilibrium exchange experiments

Equilibrium ligand-exchange

Equilibrium metal cation exchange

Equilibrium potassium-calcium exchange

Equilibrium systems, exchange processes

Exchange Equilibria of Amino Acids

Exchange Monte Carlo, equilibrium phase

Exchange equilibria, anharmonicity

Exchange equilibrium expression, general

Exchange reaction current at the equilibrium potential

Exchange reaction equilibria

Exchange reactions and equilibria

Exchange reactions, equilibrium constants

Exchange velocity, dynamic equilibrium

Exchange, energy equilibrium

Guests exchange equilibrium

Heat exchangers estimating equilibria

Ion Exchange Equilibrium Constant and Permselectivity between Two Ions

Ion Exchange, Solvent Extraction and Adsorption Equilibria

Ion exchangers equilibrium constants

Ionic exchange equilibria

Isotope exchange at equilibrium

Isotope exchange equilibrium

Isotope exchange from equilibrium

Isotopic exchange equilibrium

Ligand exchange equilibrium reaction

Ligand-Exchange Equilibrium Measurements in Trapping Devices

Multicomponent Ion Exchange Equilibria

ON EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA

Oxygen isotopic exchange equilibrium

Processes Fluxional, Conformational and Exchange Equilibria

Proton exchange equilibria

Sorption of Non-exchange Electrolyte and the Donnan Equilibrium

Steric Mass Action Isotherms for Ion Exchange Equilibria

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