Examples of using Table

It is not always necessary to comply absolutely with Table 5.3 (see colour section). The following examples show how variations can be acceptable, provided they are justified. 

Gas monitoring was carried out four times over a period of one month. In accordance with Table 5.3 at least 12 readings would be required over a six-month period and possibly more to characterise the risk of gas migration. However, the developer wanted to start work before this period could be achieved. Therefore an in groxmd gas barrier was installed to prevent gas migration. This removed the need to fulfil the requirements of Table 5.3. 

A similar approach can be taken where shallow mineworkings are grouted up, thus effectively removing the source of gas (assuming there are no other sources). 

An office development was imderlain by made groimd with a low degradable content that comprised pieces of wood and thin layers of topsoil (low generation potential). The development was considered to be moderately sensitive. 

These results gave a gas screening value of 0.072 which indicated characteristic situation 2 (see Chapter 6). However, the results only just exceeded the threshold for this characteristic situation and given the nature of the source it was considered unlikely that further results would increase the characteristic situation (either the concentration or flow rate would need to increase by a factor of 10) and so further monitoring was not required. 

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To use non-standard elements belonging to the Taylor-Hood or Crouzeix-Raviart groups that satisfy the BB condition. Examples of useful elements in this category are given in Table 3.1, for further explanations about the properties of these elements see Pittman (1989). 

Most examples of Diels-Alder reactions reported for both 2-vinyl and 3-vinylindoles involve typical electrophilic dienophiles such as benzoquinone, A"-phenylmaleimide and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (see Table 16.1). T hese symmetrical dienophiles raise no issues of rcgiosclectivity. While there arc fewer examples of use of mono-substituted dienophiles, they appear to react... 

Examples of uses (82) of copper compounds are given in Table 4 which hsts the materials of primary industrial importance. The majority of copper compounds are used as fungicides, nutritionals, and algicides. 

The use of confidence intervals is one way to state the required precision. Confidence limits provide a measure of the variability associated with an estimate, such as the average of a characteristic. Table I is an example of using confidence intervals in planning a sampling study. This table shows the interrelationships of variability (coefficient of variation), the distribution of the characteristic (normal or lognormal models), and the sample frequency (sample sizes from 4 to 365) for a monitoring program. 

Table 2. Examples of used substrates3 and resulting types of polymer...

Sultam 53 has proved to be an excellent chiral auxiliary in various asymmetric C-C bond formation reactions. One more example of using sultam 53 is the asymmetric induction of copper(I) chloride-catalyzed 1,4-addition of alkyl magnesium chlorides to a,/ -disubstituted (/ )-enesultams 60. Subsequent protonation of the reaction product gives compound 61c as the major product (Scheme 2-30 and Table 2-11).56... 

The mathematical notion of an operator may be unfamiliar it is a rule for modifying a function. A comparison of the ideas of operator and function may be useful Whereas a function acts to take an argument, called the independent variable, as input, and produces a value, called the dependent variable an operator takes 2l function as input and produces a function as output. Multiphcation of a function by a constant, taking a square or square root, differentiation or integration, are examples of operators. Table 8.1 contains examples of functions and operators. 

Other examples of uses for the bicyclic lactams are provided by the cleavage and intramolecular cyclization sequence 12 -> 1423,24 and similarly 15 is transformed into 1623 24 (see Table 9). 

As an example of using the character tables directly for p and d orbitals, we will consider the phosphorus atom in PC13. By looking at the character table for the group C3l. we immediately learn that the phosphorus orbitals belong to the following representations ... 

Since the pioneering work of Lane and Hubbard, there have been numerous examples of using chemisorption to modify electrode surfaces. For example, Anson and his coworkers have investigated chemisorption of various aromatic systems onto carbon electrodes [12]. In this case, n-electron density is shared between the electrode and the adsorbate molecule. Examples of electroactive molecules that have been used to modify electrode surfaces via this approach are shown in Table 13.1 [8]. It is of interest to note that from the very beginning, there was considerable interest in modifying electrode surfaces with biochemical substances (Table 13.1). This is because such modified electrodes seemed to be likely candidates for use in electrocatalytic processes and biochemical sensors (see Section V). 

Example Table 1 gives an example of using a cusum chart for manufacturing data. The slope of cumulative sums changes for the sums formed from batch 103, suggesting that the process operated at a lower mean level. 

Table 8.5 presents the results of the identification of 16 elements present in drugs using GF-AAS, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS methods. Table 8.6 presents examples of uses of ICP-MS for analysis of elements present in drugs. 

For an example of using VLOOKUP and MATCH, see "Looking Up Values in Tables" in Chapter 9. 

TABLE 11.1 Examples of Useful Items in a Data Analysis Plan... 

An introduction to SQL is provided in Chapter 3, but with an emphasis on examples relevant to chemical information rather than business information, which is often used in other books. Chapter 4 discusses some of the RDBMS that are available, namely Oracle, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. All of them use SQL to insert, delete, update, and select data. Chapter 5 shows ways in which client programs, including Web-based applications, are used to connect to the database server. Chapter 6 examines ways in which RDBMS are typically used to handle numerical and textual chemical information using relational tables. An example of using data files from the PubChem project is included. 

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