Example Compound Formulations

Cless Functional Group Molecular Formule Example Compound Name... 

A new class of solvents called ionic liquids has been developed to meet this need. A typical ionic liquid has a relatively small anion, such as BF4, and a relatively large, organic cation, such as l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (16). Because the cation has a large nonpolar region and is often asymmetrical, the compound does not crystallize easily and so is liquid at room temperature. However, the attractions between the ions reduces the vapor pressure to about the same as that of an ionic solid, thereby reducing air pollution. Because different cations and anions can be used, solvents can be designed for specific uses. For example, one formulation can dissolve the rubber in old tires so that it can be recycled. Other solvents can be used to extract radioactive waste from groundwater. 

Reactions of carbonyl compounds such as pyridine 2-carboxaldehyde, glyoxal, biacetyl, or benzil with 2-aminothiophenol on an Fe + template give benzothiazolinate (198) complexes. The complex from pyridine 2-carboxaldehyde, for example, was formulated, on the basis of NMR and Mossbauer spectroscopy and of analysis (C, H, N, and Fe) as the bis-(A,iS)-ligand-bis-aqua complexes of (199), an isomeric form in equilibrium with (198). However as they are diamagnetic it seems more likely that they are [Fe(199)2] 2H20, containing terdentate (N,N,S) (199), than the proposed [Fe(199)2(H20)2]. 

The simplest quaternary derivative with the perovskite structure would be one in which two different transition metals might occupy the B-site position. This can be formulated as A(B,1 2B1 2)03, or preferably A2(B B0O6. These compounds can then crystallize with a doubled unit cell, if ordering occurs on the octahedral metal sites. Further compositional and structural adaptions could be obtained, as shown below, all possessing an overall 1 1 3 ratio of A B 0 atoms. In all the following examples and formulations, the proper stoichiometry will be maintained, and oxygen will be the principal anionic species. 

The problem involved in the application which is the subject of this chapter is the optimisation of a property of a mixture of compounds (a common situation in pharmaceutical practice, where for example tablet formulations have to be optimised). This property has to be optimised with respect to a certain goal (maximum, minimum or target value) and also with respect to the robustness or ruggedness of the mixture property. This means that despite any variation in the response or the independent variables (mixture variables in our case) due to unknown variation the response values have to be as close as possible to a desired value (target value). 

These are compounds of pharmaceutical interest possessing bactericidal and fungicidal properties and finding use in, for example, paint formulations. 

The basic compounding formulation specifies the minimum requirement of fillers, vulcanizing agents, and other substances that must be added to the rubber compound to achieve the desired properties. After the rubber, cure system and reinforcing filers have been selected it will be necessary to make several adjustments before all requirements are satisfied. It is generally sensible to start with the simplest mix formula for meeting the requirements. The recipe or the formula is usually written on the basis of hundred parts of rubber. For example if 5 parts of zinc oxide is to be added it is denoted as 5 phr (five parts per hundred rubber). Elementary compounding... 

The percentage sulphur (determined in the un-vulcanized reclaim) and the available rubber hydrocarbon are taken into consideration while evolving the compound formulation. It should be noted that reclaimed rubber is not all rubber. In arriving at the total rubber content in the rubber formulation containing reclaim, allowance must be made for its rubber content. For example in the following blend of smoked sheet and whole tyre reclaim, the total rubber content is to be considered as 100 parts instead of 125 parts as below and the proportion of other ingredients should be worked out accordingly on "parts per hundred rubber" (phr) basis. 

I have three examples and will start with the design of fuel additives, which is a somewhat simpler molecular structure design problem. Then I will mention rubber compounds formulation, a material design issue. Finally, I will mention some ongoing effort in the area of catalysts. 

There are cases where it is not easy to draw a clear distinction between molecular Lewis acid/Lewis base complexes and ionic substances of the kind discussed immediately above. For example, in the compound formulated as [IC12][AsF6], each I atom has as near neighbours two F atoms from the anion at a distance of only 265 pm, compared with 350 pm for the sum of the Van der Waals radii. The compound might be alternatively formulated as a covalent polymer with (admittedly rather long) I-F covalent bonds. 

Examples of Formulations Compounds for Compression Molded Seals34... 

A useful application of the reaction is introduction of an angular allyl group in fused cyclic enones. An example is formulated in equation (III), which includes transformations of the product (1) into other useful compounds. 

Metal carbonyls and antimony tribromide react to give new compounds formulated as, for example, (ir-Cp)(CO)3MSbBr2 and (7r-Cp)(CO)3MSbBrM (CO) ( rr-Cp), where M = M = Mo or W and M = Fe. Esterification of t-butylantimony dibromide with dihydric alcohols gave the expected dioxastiboles and dioxastib-olans. ... 

The compound, formulated as a 50 WP formulation, allows the control of, for example, P. ulmi in apples or P. citri, with an application rate of 280 g-a.i. ha for 20-40 days with a rapid knock down activity. 

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