Evolution reconstruction

For an adsorbate which is homogeneous within the patches of reconstructed and unreconstructed surface only the diffusional exchange of mass between these two types contributes to the time evolution. The equations of motion read... 

Cerling, T., Harris, J.M., Ambrose, S.H., Leakey, M.G. and Solounias, N. 1998 Dietary and environmental reconstruction with stable isotope analyses of herbivore tooth enamel from the Miocene locality of Fort Tsmaa. Journal of Human Evolution 33 635-650. 

The REE data, combined with alteration minerals and concentration of major elements in hydrothermally altered rocks, could be used to reconstruct the structure and evolution of a submarine geothermal system accompanied by Kuroko mineralization (Shikazono, 1999a). 

Roper, A.J. (1999). Reconstructing early events in eukaryotic evolution. Am. Nat., 154, S146—S163 van Niftrick, L.A., Fuerst, J.A., Sinninghe Damste, J.S., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.G.M. and Srauss, M. (2004). The anammoxone An introcytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria. FEBS Microbiol. Lett., 233, 7-13... 

Although archaeology is a historical discipline, in that its aim is to reconstruct events in the past, it is not the same as history. If history is reconstructing the past from written sources, then 99.9% of humanity s five million years or more of global evolution is beyond the reach of history. Even in historic times, where written records exist, there is still a distinctive role for archaeology. Documentary evidence often provides evidence for big events -famous people, battles and invasions, religious dogma, and the history of states but such written sources are inevitably biased. History is written by the... 

It is noteworthy that prior to the advent of scanning probe microscopy electrochemically driven reconstruction phenomena had been identified and studied using traditional macroscopic electrochemical measurements [210,211], However, STM studies have provided insight as to the various atomistic processes involved in the phase transition between the reconstructed and unreconstructed state and promise to provide an understanding of the macroscopically observed kinetics. An excellent example is provided by the structural evolution of the Au(lOO) surface as a function of potential and sample history [210,211,216-223], Flame annealing of a freshly elec-tropolished surface results in the thermally induced formation of a dense hexagonal close-packed reconstructed phase referred to as Au(100)-(hex). For carefully annealed crystals a single domain of the reconstructed phase... 

Fig.4. Schematic reconstruction of the Late Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Tyrone Central Inlier. TCI, Tyrone Central Inlier TPG, Tyrone Plutonic Group TVG, Tyrone Volcanic Group OT, Omagh Thrust CBC, Clew Bay Complex LD, Longford-Down terrane LNA, Lough Nafooey Arc (from Chew et al. 2008).

Many tRNA sequences are known today, both for a given codon at a variety of phylogenic levels and for a given species and many different anticodons. Each such category is interesting13,14 for comparative analysis. Phylogenic analysis shows whether tRNA has retained information from prebiotic times, or this information has been lost in the course of evolution. The comparison of different tRNA molecules in a single species may then lead to a reasonably complete reconstruction of the early forms and allow statements about the early evolution of the translation apparatus. 

This brings a reconstruction of the primeval structure into the realm of the possible. If the sequences of different tRNAs, for example, for E. coli bacteria, yeast cells, or archaebacteria, are compared, then they all show a high GC content, which increases further when the sequences are superimposed. However, it can be seen from the mitochondrial sequences, which are all rich in A and U, that G and C could be displaced in the course of evolution, presumably on account of a rich supply of the metabolite A in mitochondria G and C are thus not demanded by con-... 

Hancock, J.M. and Vogler, A.P. (2000) How slippage-derived sequences are incorporated into rRNA variable-region secondary structure implications for phylogeny reconstruction. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 14, 366-374. 

---