Bacteria anammox

An important development is the appreciation of the role of anammox bacteria. These carry out the anaerobic reaction between NH4 and NO2 in which nitrite is the electron donor with the production of N2 (Schmid et al. 2005). Several groups of bacteria have been implicated, and all of them belong to the phylum Planctomyces, although quite distinct organisms may be involved. They... 

Schmid MC et al. (2005) Biomarkers for in situ detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 1677-1684. 

As we mentioned in Chapter 1, we are unsure of the time of the origin of NO in the atmosphere and hence of the beginnings of oxidative processes in membranes associated with nitrogen oxides. One example is provided by Planctomycetes, the anammox bacteria, which carries out the reaction... 

Kuypers, M. et al. (2003). Anaerobic ammonia oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea. Nature, 422, 608-611... 

Roper, A.J. (1999). Reconstructing early events in eukaryotic evolution. Am. Nat., 154, S146—S163 van Niftrick, L.A., Fuerst, J.A., Sinninghe Damste, J.S., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.G.M. and Srauss, M. (2004). The anammoxone An introcytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria. FEBS Microbiol. Lett., 233, 7-13... 

Most recently, a highly unusual membrane composition was reported from anaerobic ammonium-oxidising (anammox) bacteria. In these bacteria, nitrite is reduced, nitrogen gas generated, and carbon dioxide is converted into organic carbon, as the consequence of ammonia reduction. This central energygenerating process can be described as ... 

Biomolecules containing [3]- and [5]-ladderanes have been discovered within intracellular hpid membranes of anammox bacteria" that recycle atmospheric nitrogen. The ladderane lipids are found in the membrane surrounding a unique cytoplasmic organelle, the anammoxosome, within which the anaerobic oxidation of ammonia into molecular nitrogen occurs. The oxidation, known as the anammox process, follows the reaction (equation 24) ... 

Anammox Bacteria Anaerob Chemo-autotrophic Source of energy 6... 

Amano, T., Yoshinaga, I., Okada, K., Yamagishi, T., Ueda, S., Obuchi, A., et al. (2007). Detection of anammox activity and diversity of anammox bacteria-related 16S rRNA genes in coastal marine sediment in japan. Microbes Environ. 22, 232—242. 

An additional complication is the observation of DNRA in culture and the field by anammox bacteria (Kartal et ai, 2007). They reported production of from... 

Until now none of the bacteria carrying out the anammox reaction could be isolated into pure culture, but much information could be gained from enrichment cultures. All anammox bacteria... 

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