Eukaryotic translation initiation factor

Gomez, E., and Pavitt, G. D. (2000). Identification of domains and residues within the epsilon subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2Bepsilon) required for guanine nucleotide exchange reveals a novel activation function promoted by eIF2B complex formation. Mol. Cell Biol. 20, 3965—3976. 

Singh, C. R., Curtis, C., Yamamoto, Y., Hall, N. S., Kruse, D. S., He, H., Hannig, E. M., and Asano, K. (2005). Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 is critical for integrity of the scanning preinitiation complex and accurate control of GCN4 translation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 5480-5491. 

Valasek, L., Nielsen, K. H., Zhang, F., Fekete, C. A., and Hinnebusch, A. G. (2004). Interactions of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 (eIF3) Subunit NIPl/c with elFl and eIF5 promote preinitiation complex assembly and regulate start codon selection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 9437-9455. 

Genes of interest can be tagged at either the N or C terminal end. The decision to tag a protein at either the N or the C terminal depends upon the properties of the protein of interest. In our case, all the eukaryotic translation initiation factors were tagged C terminally to allow the endogenous promoter to influence the expression of the tagged protein. 

In studying the localization of eukaryotic translation initiation factors, we made use of the FR AP technique to determine whether the localized regions of eIF2/eIF2B represented dynamic centers of these proteins (Campbell et ah, 2005). 

McEwen, E., Kedersha, N., Song, B., Scheuner, D., Gilks, N., Han, A., Chen, J. J., Anderson, P., and Kaufman, R. J. (2005). Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) inhibits translation, induces stress granule formation, and mediates survival upon arsenite exposure. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 16925—16933. 

Kahvejian, A., Svitkin, Y. V., Sukarieh, R., M Boutchou, M. N., and Sonenberg, N. (2005). Mammalian poly(A)-binding protein is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor, which acts via multiple mechanisms. Genes Dev. 19, 104—113. 

Smirnova, J. B., Selley, J. N., Sanchez-Cabo, F., Carroll, K., Eddy, A. A., McCarthy, J. E., Hubbard, S. J., Pavitt, G. D., Grant, C. M., and Ashe, M. P. (2005). Global gene expression profiling reveals widespread yet distinctive translational responses to different eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B-targeting stress pathways. Mol. Cell Biol. 25, 9340-9349. 

A novel functional human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G. Mol. Cell Biol. 18, 334-342. 

Imataka, H., and Sonenberg, N. (1997). Human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) possesses two separate and independent binding sites for eIF4A. Mol. Cell Biol. 17, 6940-6947. 

Polunovsky, V. A., Rosenwald, I. B., Tan, A. T., White, J., Chiang, L., Sonenberg, N., and Bitterman, P. B. (1996). Translational control of programmed cell death Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E blocks apoptosis in growth-factor-restricted fibroblasts with physiologically expressed or deregulated Myc. Mol. Cell Biol. 16, 6573-6581. 

Human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) recruits mnkl to phosphorylate eIF4E. EMBO J. 18, 270-279. 

Sizova, D. V., Kolupaeva, V. G., Pestova, T. V., Shatsky, I. N., and Hellen, C. U. (1998). Specific interaction of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 with the 5 nontranslated regions of hepatitis C virus and classical swine fever virus RNAs. J. Virol. 72, 4775-4782. 

Abbreviations aa-tRNA Amino-acyl tRNA eLF Eukaryotic translation initiation factor IF Prokaryotic translation initiation factor eEF Eukaryotic translation elongation factor EF Prokaryotic translation elongation factor eRF Eukaryotic translation termination factor (release factor) RF Prokaryotic translation release factor RRF Ribosome recycling factor Rps Protein of the prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit Rpl Protein of the eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit S Protein of the prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit L Protein of the prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit PTC Peptidyl transferase center RNC Ribosome-nascent chain-mRNA complex ram Ribosomal ambiguity mutation RAC Ribosome-associated complex NMD Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay... 

Wang W, Czaplinski K, Rao Y, Peltz SW (2001) The role of Upf proteins in modulating the translation read-through of nonsense-containing transcripts. EMBO J 20 880-890 Wells SE, Hillner PE, Vale RD, Sachs AB (1998) Circularization of mRNA by eukaryotic translation initiation factors. Mol Cell 2 135-140... 

A. J. Waskiewicz, et al. Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnkl in vivo. Mol Cell Biol, 19, 1871-1880, 1999. 

S. Das, R. Ghosh, and U. Maitra. 2001. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 functions as a GTPase-activating protein J. Biol. Chem. 276 6720-6726. (PubMed)... 

Properties of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors Factor Subunit Size(kDa) Function ... 

Cassady KA, Gross M, Roizman B (1998a) The herpes simplex virus US 11 protein effectively compensates for the gamma 1(34.5) gene if present before activation of protein kinase R by precluding its phosphorylation and that of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2. J Virol... 

He B, Gross M, Roizman B (1997) The gamma(l)34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1 alpha to dephosphorylate the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 843-848 Hollander MC, Zhan Q, Bae I, Fornace AJ, Jr (1997) Mammalian GADD34, an apoptosis- and DNA damage-inducible gene. J Biol Chem 272 13731-13737 Isaacs A, Lindenmann J (1957) Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 147 258-267... 

Kazemi S, Papadopoulou S, Li S et al. Control of alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2 a) phosphorylation by the human papillomavirus Type 18 E6 oncoprotein implications for eIF2 alpha-dependent gene expression and cell death. Mol Cell Biol 2004 24(8) 3415-3429. 

Q6ZWX6 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 35,977 8 0.9931 3 1... 

---