Eugenol basil

EUGENOL In very large amounts in bay, cinnamon, clove and pimento oils. In goodly amounts in basil, eucalyptus and tejpat. Lots of trace amounts in many other oils. 

The French or sweet basil has a high linalool and lower methyl chavicol content with the exotic basil having the highest methyl chavicol content. It is for this reason that the sweet is often preferred for aromatherapy. Principal chemical components found in essential oils of basil include methyl chavicol (22-88%), methyl eugenol (0.3-6%), linalool (1.1 6%), limonene (2.0 4.9%), cis-ocimene (0.2-2.6%) and citronellol (0.6-3.9%). Analysis for a sample of... 

LEW1NSOHN, E., ZIV-RAZ, I., DUDAI, N., TADMOR, Y LASTOCHKIN, E., LARKOV, O., CHAIMOVITSH, D RAVID, U PUTIEVSKY, E PICHERSKY, E., SHOHAM, Y., Biosynthesis of estragole and methyl-eugenol in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L). Developmental and chemotypic association of allylphenol O-methyltransferase activities., Plant Sci., 2000,160,27-35. 

Basil Oil There are two main varieties of basil Ocimum basilicum which is known as sweet basil and is the most common, and Ocimum gratissimum which is considered to represent the eugenol-rich oils. There seems to be a lot of confusion in the literature whether any particular commercial oil is from one plant type or the other. It is, however, generally agreed that the basil oils from Russia, Egypt, Morocco and other North African countries are the highest in eugenol content. Hell, I don t know. It seems like most every sample in T able XIV is full of it [combo from 2, vol. I (1978), p. 19, 2 vol. II, p. 20, 2 vol. Ill, p. 232]. 

Sweet basil MeJA Rosmarinic acid, eugenol, linalool, caffeic acid 27... 

FIGURE 17.3 Time course of the effect of MeJA on rosmarinic acid (RA) and eugenol in sweet basil. (From [27].)... 

Similar results have been found for the SFME of seeds and aromatic herbs. After only 30 min for fresh basil, the compounds with the highest boiling point are largely predominant. For HD, in contrast, after distillation for 3 h differences between the concentrations of the compounds are definitely less than for SFME and sometimes the differences are completely reversed. Eugenol is the most abundant component of the SFME extract (43.2%) with linalool second (25.3%) whereas the essential oil obtained by HD is dominated first by linalool (39.1%) and then by eugenol (11.0%). It seems that the phenomenon called hydrodiffusion described by Von Rechenberg is more pronounced in microwave extraction by SFME. 

Basil Ocimum spp. eugenol Callosobruchus maculatus Rkyzopertha dominica Sitophilus zeamais Sitotroga cerealella [7,9]... 

Methylchavicol is the major constituent of oil of basil—Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae). As with other phenols this one is a skin irritant, though it is milder than eugenol—a component of the French basil varieties (Home and Williams 1990). 

For the vast majority of essential oils, meeting these characterization requirements does not require exotic analytical techniques and the identi cation of the constituents is of a routine nature. However, what would the requirements be for very high-volume essential oils, such as orange oil, cold pressed (567,000 kg), or peppermint oil (1,229,000 kg) In these cases, a practical limit must be applied and can be justi ed based on the concept that the intake of these oils is widespread and far exceeds the 10% assumption of MSDI. Based on current analytical capabilities, 0.10% or 0.05% could be used as a reasonable limit of detection, with the lower level used for an essential oil that is known or suspected to contain constituents of higher toxic potential (e.g., methyl eugenol in basil). 

The genus Ocimum contains various species and the EOs are used as an appendage in food, cosmetics, and toiletries. Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil, Lamiaceae) is used fresh or dried as a food spice nearly all over the world. The antioxidative activities of different Ocimum species were studied in order to assess the potential to substitute synthetic antioxidants. Linalool and eugenol (-12%) are the main compounds in the diverse oils. In the HPLC-based xanthine-xanthine assay, the EO of Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens (dark opal basil) contains linalool, eugenol, and P-caryophyllene as main compounds and shows a very strong antioxidative capacity with an IC50 value of 1.84 pL (Salles-Trevisan et al., 2006). Linalool as a pure substance yielded the same test results. In the DPPH assay linalool showed a bit weaker activity than in the xanthine-xanthine test... 

Basil (European type) Ocimum basilicum Linalool (45-62%), estragol (0-30%), eugenol (2-15%)... 

The Olefinic Substrates The highly iso-regioselective hydroformylation of allyl- or propenylarenes (phenylpropanoids) gives aldehydes with numerous applications in flavors and perfumes. Several 2-aryl-prop-1-enes required as substrates can be extracted from natural sources in a rather pure form (Figure 6.8). For example, eugenol, with its typical spicy, clove like aroma, can be isolated from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil, and bay leaf. Safrol (shikimol) is isolated from sassafras plants and has a typical sweet-shop aroma. Estragole (methyl chavicol) is produced from basil oil and chavicol from betel oil. 

Sweet basil Eugenol, germacrene-D, epi-alpha-cadinol, malic acid, tartaric acid, ramnose, cafleic acid, quinic acid, kaempferol, caffeoylquinic acid, and kaempferol 3-0-glucoside CO2 and the cosolvent H20at1%, 10%, and 20% (w/w) [1111... 

Teas, leaf essential oil, leaf oleoresin, eugenol, bark essential oil bark oleoresin, E-cinnamaldehyde, oil-macerated garlic extract, tannins, polymers of flavanols, cassia bark-derived substances, crude extracts of bulbs (Lycoiis chinensis), stems and leaves of (Nandina domestica), (Mahonia fortune ), (Mahonia bealei), stems of Berbeiis thunbergii and stems, leaves and fruits of Camptotheca acuminata, methanol and acetone extracts of 14 plants belonging to different families, Eruca sativa (aerial and root). EOs and methanol extracts of sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae). Ponkan (Citrus mticulata Blanco). Seeds of Zizyphus jujube. 

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