Eucalyptus Australians

DArcy, B., Rintoul, G. B., Rowland, C. Y., and Blackman, A. J. (1997). Composition of Australian honey extractives. 1. Norisoprenoids, monoterpenes, and other natural volatiles from blue gum (Eucalyptus leucoxylon) and yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) honeys. /. Agric. Food Chem. 45,1834-1843. 

Kelly, Bell and Kirk Explosive. Australian Dynamite patented in 1899, containing NG, K nitrate, cork and calcined eucalyptus leaves Ref Daniel (1902), 391... 

The minor components of this oil differ from those of E. globulus oil. Despite its high cineole content, annual production of Australian eucalyptus oil is only 501. 

Figure 7.13 Eucalyptus. Analysis of an Australian sample of Eucalyptus radiata. The level of 1,8-cineole is quite high, 76.37%. The quoted range is 64-75%. Levels above 75% indicate Eucalyptus globulus or another variety. Courtesy of Jenny Warden, Traceability.

The myrtle family provides a number of important timber qrecies, including those of the genera Eucalyptus and Melaleuca. Eucalyptus provided the Australian aborigines the oppoitunity to make di es and canoes. The roots of some species were used for food. 

EUCALYPTUS OIL Eucalypti aetheroleum is obtained by steam distillation of fresh leaves (in practice whole twigs) of Eucalyptus /lobulus Labill. and other Eucalyptus species, such as E. fructicetorum F. von Muller (=E. polybractea RF. Baker), family Myrtaceae. The genus Eucalyptus belongs to the Australian flora, but now has a global distribution by... 

Eucalyptus. Cum wood Australian fever tree blue-gum tree. Dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Myrtoceae this is a dwarf species, known as Malee in Australia, and richest in oil of Eucalyptus. Habit. Australia, cultivated in subtropics, Europe, N. Africa and Southern U.S- Conslit. 1-3% volatile oil, tannin, resins, eucalyptic acid, rutin. 

The last synthesis of menthol which we will discuss, starts from /-piperitone which occurs in various species, especially peppermint. However, it is also a major component of Eucalyptus dives which made it an item of commerce in Australia. The Australian company, Keith Harris and Co, used to prepare /-menthol from this indigenous feedstock. The overall scheme is shown in Figure 4.27. 

EOs have been used for therapeutic purposes and as cosmetics through human history. Their antimicrobial effects and their use in skin formulations have been known for centuries [82], which probably led to investigatiOTis of their antiviral activities on viral skin diseases. Indeed, human herpes viruses, for example, HSV-1 and HSV-2, are the most investigated viruses with EOs [83-94]. Topical treatments containing extracts from lemon balm and sage extracts are available for herpes labialis [80]. EOs obtained from Santolina insularis [85], Melissa officinalis L. [82], Melaleuca species [87], Houttuynia cordata [88], Australian tea tree and eucalyptus [90], Mentha piperita [91], and Salvia fruticosa [93] exhibited direct inactivation of HSV. 

Hammer, K.A., C.F. Carson, and T.V. Riley, 2002. In vitro activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against dermatophytes and other lamentous fungi. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 50 195-199. Harkenthal, M., J. Reichling, H.K. Geiss et al., 1999. Comparative study on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil, manuka oil, kanuka oil, and eucalyptus oil. Pharmazie, 54 460-463. 

Eucalyptus essential oil is obtained from the Australian tree Eucalyptus sp. that belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It has been known for its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic action for hundreds of years (Batish et al., 2008). Toxicity of eucalyptus essential oil toward S. oryzae was reported by Lee et al. (2001), and it proves to be a promising fumigant to control that pest. Lee et al. (2004) reported in another study that several Eucalyptus species were toxic to S. oryzae E. nicholii, E. codonocarpa, and E. blakelyi. The same species cause mortality in T. castaneum and R. dominica. 

Schnitzler, R, K. Schdn, and J. Reichling, 2001. Anticiral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against Herpes simplex virus in cell culture. Pharmazie, 56(4) 343-347. 

Michael M, White DE 1955 Chemistry of western Australian plants. IX. Extractives from the timber of Eucalyptus diversicolor. Aust J Appl Sci 6 359-364... 

Other common components of essential oils are the monoterpenic monocycHc alcohols a-terpineol (found in hlac, marjoram, cardamom, star anise oil and other oils), terpinen-4-ol (4-terpineol), also known as 4-carvomenthenol, is a component of the essential oils of pine (Pinus spp., Pinaceae), eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp. Myrtaceae), marjoram and thyme (see Table 8.32, later). It is also the main component of the antiseptic essential oil of the Australian tree Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae), known as tea tree oil. It often occurs as a racemate. (- -)-Terpinen-4-ol occurs at about... 

Menthol (8-19) is a common cooling substance used in food products. The effect of coolness evoked through stimulation of the somatosensory system can be produced by several naturally occurring molecules, mainly derived from terpenes and sesquiterpenes. Such a molecule is (-)-isopulegol (8-319), occiuring, for example, in the essential oil of Australian lemon-scented gum (Eucalyptus citriodora, Myrtaceae) trees, which has 20% of the cooling... 

The tree described up till 1915 under the name Eucalyptus amyg-daima, growing on the Australian mainland, was referred to under that oil. The importance of the oil sold under that name in commerce warrants an exhaustive examination of the scientific nomenclature of the trees bearing the name. This has now been undertaken by Baker... 

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