Ethoxy lated nonylphenol

Applicability of in situ TLC-FTIR is shown in Table 7.81. Nonylphenol (NP) and alkylphenol ethoxy-lates (NP( 0) ), n = 3,9,14) were detected by means of TLC-FTIR [771],... 

The quantification of short-chain metabolites from nonylphenol ethoxy-lates (NPEOs) has been carried out in different ways because of the lack of individual standards. Thus, several authors have employed commercial mixtures with low ethoxylation degree and assuming similar molar response factors, such as Marlophen 83 with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) [1-5], Imbentin-N/7A, a mixture of NPEOi and NPEO2 (75 25) [6-11] or a mixture of miscellaneous origin [12,13], to quantify NPEOi and NPEO2. 

Sodium anacardate is an excellent soap the water solubility of which has been used in a subsequent reaction (ref. 283). There has been, following work on the preparation of cardanol polyethoxylate (ref.284,285,286), by the reaction of cardanol with ethylene oxide at 180 C in the presence of a catalytic amount of potassium hydroxide, considerable interest in its ready biodegradability compared with that of ethoxylates derived from t-nonylphenol (ref.287). The individual ethoxy late oligomers were synthesised having values of n = 1 to 6 to identify the oligomers present in cardanol polyethoxylate and the ready biodegradation of cardanol and to a lesser extent that of of cardol polyethoxylates quantitatively established in comparison with that of t-nonylphenol polyethoxylate which remain comparatively undegraded. 

The most persistent nonionic surfactants are based on alkylphenol ethoxy-lates. These ethoxylates are only moderately accumulated by marine fauna. The bio concentration factors in common mussels Mytilus edulis) decreased from 350 to 50 from nonylphenol to nonylphenol tri-ethoxylate [150]. 

Emulsion polymerizations of vinyl acetate in the presence of ethylene oxide-or propylene oxide-based surfactants and protective colloids also are characterized by the formation of graft copolymers of vinyl acetate on these materials. This was also observed in mixed systems of hydroxyethyl cellulose and nonylphenol ethoxy-lates. The oxyethylene chain groups supply the specific site of transfer (113). The concentration of insoluble (grafted) polymer decreases with increase in surfactant ratio, and Rp (max) is observed at an ethoxylation degree of 8 (114). 

Carboxylates in the acid form can be titrated potentiometrically with alkali in 97% methanol. Observed pK values range from 5.6 for a carboxylated nonylphenol 3-mole ethoxy-late to 4.1 for a 12-mole ethoxylate (142). Thus, acid number is a measure of the purity of the carboxylate. 

Sulfated nonylphenol 6-mole ethoxy-late and sulfated octylphenol 3-mole ethoxylate determination in sea water mixtures elution in order of decreasing ethoxylation separation from nonionic matter (elutes first)... 

Nonylphenol 4- and 6-mole ethoxycarboxylates C12-C14 alkyl 6-mole ethoxycarboxylates elution in order of increasing ethoxylation separation of nonionic impurities Nonylphenol 4-, 5-, and 6-mole ethoxycarboxylates separation from residual NPE C 2 and C 4 alkylethoxy-carboxy-lates, with n = 1-25 separation by alkyl chain length and in inverse order of ethoxylation separation from AE C 2 and C g Alkyl 6- and 11-mole ethoxycarboxylates and octyl-and nonylphenol 8- to 20-mole ethoxycarboxylates separation by hydrophobe, with some differentiation by ethoxy chain length... 

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