Ethylene imine, reaction

Perhydropyrido[l,2- ]pyrazin-l-one was prepared in the reaction of methyl pipecolinate and ethylene imine in boiling EtOH <19951JSP5461047>. Cyclocondensation of ethyl 2-amino-2-(2-pyridyl)acetate with DMAD, followed by treatment of reaction mixture with NaOMe, gave the 2-(l-methoxycarbonyl)-4-oxo-47/-pyrido[l,2- ]pyrazin-3-yl)acetate <1996JHC639>. 

In a system devised to oxidize a dye, glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were coassembled by layer-by-layer alternative adsorption to construct multienzyme films. The peroxidase was adsorbed to poly(styrene sulfonate) while glucose oxidase was adsorbed to poly(ethylene imine), allowing for sequential redox reactions to take place resulting in the subsequent oxidation of the textile dye DA67 [71]. 

An addition graft copolymerization is the reaction of /9-propiolactone with cellulose, which has been extensively studied by Daul, Reinhardt, and Reid [138). In a similar reaction cellulose adds ethylene imine, as shown by work by Cooper, and Smith (139), and ethylene or propylene sulfide, as described by Champetier (140). Also the well known hydroxy-ethylation of cellulose by reaction with ethylene oxide belongs to this class of reactions. 

Poly(N-alkyl-ethylene imine) can be prepared by cationic ring-opening polymerization of N-alkylaziridines however, branched polymers are obtained by this way 19>. Linear poly-MEI may be obtained by N-methylation of linear PEI by the Clarke-Eschiweiler variation of the Leukart reaction, in which an excess of formic acid is used together with formaldehyde. The reaction may be performed either on PEI, or... 

Some examples of industrially important uses are the following reactions With alkyl halides or alcohols amines or imines can be manufactured. For example, inethanol forms mono- through trimethylamine dichloromethane yields ethylene imine in the presence of calcium oxide. Amines can also be produced by reacting ammonia with alkyl halides in multistage processes [1425]. 

A summary of our recent publications describing water-soluble imidazole containing pol3rmers is presented. Copoly[l-alkyl-4- or 5-vinylimidazole/4(5)-vinylimidazolej (I), copoly[vinylamine/4(5)-vinyl-imidazole] (II), and dodecane-block-poly[ethylen-imine-graft-4(5)-methylimidazole] (III) have been used to investigate the hydrophobic interaction in esterolytic reactions. A brief survey of related work is presented along with our current work. 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS dangerous fire and explosion hazard extremely flammable liquid NFPA rating Health 3, Flammability 3, Reactivity 1 vigorous or explosive reaction above -70°C with alkyl aluminum chlorides and aromatic hydrocarbons violently exothermic polymerization reaction with aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, sulfuric acid incompatible or reacts strongly with nitric acid, ethylene imine, ethylenediamine, chlorsulfonic acid, oleum, sodium hydroxide combustion will produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen chloride use carbon dioxide, alcohol foam, or dry chemical for firefighting purposes. 

A further step towards efficient biomedical application of PU/PUR nanocapsules was shown by the work of Paiphansiri et al. [190]. Carboxy- and amino-functionalization of the nanocapsules surface can be introduced and tailored by an in situ carboxymethylation reaction or by physical adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte, i.e., poly(aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) or poly(ethylene imine) (see Fig. 21). Encapsulation of an aqueous solution of suforhodamine adds a fluorescent label for fluorescence microscopic detection (see Fig. 21). Whereas the carboxy-functionalized nanocapsules do not lead to a good uptake into cells, the increased uptake of amino-functionalized fluorescent nanocapsules by HeLa cells clearly demonstrates the potential of the functionalized nanocapsules to be successfully exploited as biocarriers. These results are in good agreement with the data obtained from experiments with PS particles [192]. 

Fig. 21 Functionalization of nanocapsules by (a) carboxymethylation reaction or (b) adsorption of poly(aminoethyl methacrylate) (PAEMA) or poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) onto PU nanocapsules (c) and uptake of amino-functionalized (PEI) nanocapsules in cells [190]...

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 7070 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 10 g/kg low toxicity by ing., skin contact skin irritant TSCA listed Precaution Powerful reducing agent mixts. with air may explode violent polymerization in contact with water violent reactions with chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene imine, NaOH, etc. can explode during mfg. 

Precaution DOT Flamm. solid flamm. in dust form when exposed to flame or by chem. reaction with C2H2 NH3 bromoazide CIF3 ethylene imine H2O2 oxalic acid H2SO4 tartaric acid incompat. with acetylene, carboxylic acids, etc. 

Figure 23-1. Acceleration of the bromoacetate-thiosulfate reaction at 25 C by various low-molar-mass and high-molar-mass electrolytes as a function of the molar concentration (El) with respect to catalytically effective groups. PEI nHCl, Poly (ethylene imine hydrochloride) TP 5HC . tetraethylene pentamine hydrochloride DT-3HC1, diethylene triamine hydrochloride. The bromoacetate and thiosulfate concentrations were, in each case, 0.01 mol liter unless otherwise noted. (After N. Ise and F. Matsui.)...

In a similar manner poly(allylamine)-grafted chain-pendant hbPEI was prepared by the reaction of 2-chloroethy-lamine hydrochloride in the presence of NaOH. These polymers were investigated with respect to their complexation behavior towards copper(II)ions as multidentate ligands and it was found that approximately three ethylene imine units complex each Cu(II) ion. 

Poly(ethylene imine). Poly(ethylene amine) (PEI) is the simplest polybase. It can be prepared directly via the acid-catalyzed polymerization of ethyleneimine (aziridine, 24C) (Fig. 40). 24C may be prepared via a number of routes with ethanolamine being a convenient precursor (223). The cationic polymerization of 24C is very rapid due to the release of the ring strain associated with the monomer. However, the synthesis of PEI under these conditions leads to highly branched structnres dne to chain transfer reactions involving the —NH— species in the polymer backbone. Cyclic products can also be prodnced nnder these conditions. Copol5nnerization with an appropriate comonomer can rednce the degree of chain branching (224). 

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