Ethylene flow sheet

Fig. 2. Flow sheet for ethanolamine production. EO = ethylene oxide MEA, DEA, and TEA ate defined in Table 1.

A simplified flow sheet of the industrial process is shown in Fig. 5.1-1. In the first section fresh ethylene is mixed with the low-pressure recycle at 5 MPa and is compressed to 15 -35 MPa by means of a five-stage piston compressor. Fresh ethylene should have a high purity of above 99.9 vol.%. Further specifications of polymerization-grade ethylene are given in Table 5.1-1. 

Figure 5.1 -1. Flow sheet of the industrial high-pressure polymerization of ethylene.

Detailed Aspen (version 9.2) flow sheets were created to simulate (1) the production of 39% crystalline PE from solely ethylene as monomer for the LDPE HP process, and (2) LLDPE (92wt% ethylene and 8wt% 1-butylene). 

Ethylene is produced commercially in a variety of different processes. Feed stocks for these various processes range from refinery gas, ethane, propane, butane, natural gasoline, light and heavy naphthas to gas and oil and heavier fractions. Prepare three different qualitative flow sheets to handle a majority of these feed stocks. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each selected process ... 

Gather all the available information on one of the ethylene processes for which a flow sheet was prepared in the preceding problem and make a preliminary material balance for the production of 50 million lb/yr of ethylene. Assume an operating factor of 90 percent. 

Prepare a material balance and a qualitative flow sheet for the production of 7800 kg/h of acetaldehyde using the process described in the previous problem. Assume an operating factor of 90 percent and a 95 percent yield on the ethylene feed. Both ethylene and oxygen enter the process at 930 kPa. 

Table 7.1 presents typical data from a large ethane cracking operation designed to produce 500,000 tonnes per year of ethylene with a flow-sheet similar to that given in Figure 7.2. 

These investigations were all conducted, using Co y radiation, in the laboratories of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute in Takasaki (Konishi et ai., 1974). The flow sheet of the apparatns used is shown in Fig. 6. The polymerization vessel was a 500-ml stainless steel autoclave equipped with a variable motor speed driven propeller. The effect of the reaction conditions on the rate of polymerization was studied using a number of emulsihers. The potassium salts of a number of fatty acids gave tbe highest rates, potassium stearate being the best. The rate was found to be linearly proportional to the ethylene pressure. 

Fig. 6. Flow sheet of apparatus (I) ethylene cylinder, (2) air-operated automatic intensificr, (3) sctoclave. (41 temperature-controlled oil bath, (5) Co radiation source, (6) buret for flushing of medium. (7) samplittg line, (8) shielded room (Senrul ei at., 1974a reproduced with permission of Journal of Polymer Science.)...

With the second approach to the preparation of the catalytic system, only methylenebis(dichloroaluminium) was prepared by an electrolytic reaction31. In the flow sheet proposed in the patent, between the electrolytic cell and the polymerization vessel a mixing reactor is interposed, where the various transition metal derivatives are added to the aluminium containing solution. Following this method other monomers, such as butadiene, 1-butene (copolymerized with ethylene), and vinyl chloride were successfully polymerized. 

P3-12f There were 5430 million pounds of ethylene oxide produced in the United Slates in 1995, The flow-sheet for the commercial production of ethylene oxide (EO) by oxidation of ethylene is shown in Figure P3-I2. Wc note that the process essentially consists of two systems, a reaction system and a separation system. Discuss the flowsheet and how your answ crs to P3-11 (c) would change if air is used in a stoidiiometric feed. This reaction is studied further in Chapter 4. 

What can you team from this problem and the process flow sheet PIO-S The rate law for the hydrogenation (H) of ethylene (E) to form ethane ( over a cobalt-molybdenum catalyst [Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 2760 (1988)1 is... 

The flow sheet for a balanced chlorination-oxychlorination of ethylene to vinyl chloride monomer is shown in Figure 2. Currently this process, with its variations involving fixed and fluid beds and different methods of heating and separation, dominates the commercial production of vinyl chloride with 93% of VCM being made by this route. 

High purity vinyl chloride is produced in an overall yield of 80 mol% based on ethane. The feed can contain ethane, ethylene, mixed ethylene-chlorination products, and HCl in various mixtures, and can thereby allow recovery of values from such materials. The flow sheet for the simultaneous chlorination, oxidation, and dehydrochlorination for producing vinyl chloride by the Transcat process is shown in Figure 3. 

A process flow sheet for the two-stage process is shown in Figure 10 [16]. In this process, ethylene and air are reacted in two separate vessels. Nearly complete conversion of ethylene is achieved in a single pass eliminating the... 

Based on the study of process characteristics and predicting the possible results of technological flow intensification, the advanced technological flow sheet for the synthesis of saturated copolymers of ethylene and propylene, and unsaturated copolymers of ethylene, propylene, and a third monomer, have been proposed. 

The flow sheet of a continuous solution copolymerisation of ethylene and propylene (Figure 5.10) has been proposed. Here, tubular turbulent reactors are used at the following stages [8, 9, 12] 1) preparation of the homogeneous gas-liquid mixture and its introduction to the polymerisers working in parallel 2) formation of macromolecule growth centres and 3) decomposition of the catalyst with water and the introduction of the stabiliser to the polymer. 

The only important commercial elastomer prepared by a cationic polymerization is butyl rubber, i.e., a copolymer of isobutene and isoprene. The latter monomer is incorporated in relatively small proportions (-1.5 mole % [76]) in order to introduce sufficient unsaturation for sulfur vulcanization. The slurry process with aluminum chloride at -98 to -90°C in methyl chloride diluent can be described by the accompanying flow sheet [115,116,124]. In this process the polymerization is almost instantaneous and extensive cooling by liquid ethylene is required to control the reaction. 

Ethylene oxide [lO" ]. The first step in the production process of ethylene oxide (C2H4O) is depicted in the following flow sheet (Fig. 8.15). 

Figure 6.12.2 Flow sheet of an ethylene oxide plant. Adapted from Moulijn et al. (2004).

Introduction of potential flow sheets which have been reported for carrying out the OCM reaction to produce essentially ethylene. 

Various process schemes for converting methane either to ethylene or ethylene plus gasoline have been reported during the past few years. A provisional flow sheet for the production of ethylene (see Figure 27) along with an estimation of production costs for an ethylene capacity of 350.000 metric tons p.a. was published by Preuss and Baerns [57]. Production of ethylene appeared only economic at low natural gas prices (see Figure 28). 

Process flow sheet for the production of ethylene chloride. 

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