Ethylene flash point

Whenever a hydrocarbon backbone has two hydroxyl radicals attached to it, it becomes a special type of alcohol known as a glycol. The simplest of the glycols, and the most important, is ethylene glycol, whose molecular formula C2H4(OH)2. The molecular formula can also be written CHjOHCHjOH and may be printed as such on some labels. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, thick liquid with a sweet taste, is toxic by ingestion and by inhalation, and among its many uses is a permanent antifreeze and coolant for automobiles. It is a combustible liquid with a flash point of 240"F. 

Ethylene glycol is not as active in depression of the freezing point as methanol, but it has a very low vapor pressure evaporation loss in a coolant system is due more to the evaporation of water than to the evaporazation of ethylene glycol. Furthermore, the flammability problem is literally eliminated. 1 1 mixtures of ethylene glycol and water do not exhibit a flash point at all. 

Ethylene is a colorless, flammable gas with a faint, pleasant odor and a bp of-103.8°C. The flash point, the lowest temperature at which the vapors of a liquid decompose to a flammable gaseous mixture, is -I36.1°C. The ignition temperature, the temperature at which a substance begins to bum, is 450°C. Ethylene is sold from 95% purity (technical) to 99.9% purity. It can be transported by pipeline or by tank car. Smaller amounts come in 100-lb cylinders. Much of it is used on site by the company to make other products. 

Benzene is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant characteristic odor, bp 80.1°C, flash point -11.1°C, and ignition temperature 538°C. Benzene has been found to be very toxic and is on the list of Known to Be Human Carcinogens published every two years by the Department of Health and Human Services under the National Toxicology Program (NTP). There are four top 50 chemicals on this worst carcinogen list benzene 1,3-butadiene ethylene oxide and vinyl chloride. There are also four chemicals in the top 50 on the Reasonably Anticipated to Be Human Carcinogens list acrylonitrile, ethylene dichloride, formaldehyde, and propylene oxide. 

Explosive Compositions for Oil Well Gun Perforators. Expl charges consisting of the Pb Salt (I) of ethylene din itramine or in combination with other heat stable propellants are suitable for deep well operations. This compd does not spontaneously explode under about 300° and it is a relatively powerful expl by itself. Low impact and friction sensitivity, moderate power or brisance, produces large vols of gas, high flash point Ref A.O. Franz, USP 2708623(1955) CA 49, 14326(1955)... 

For flash points below 55 F (13 C) or above 140 F (60 C), use as bath liquid a 1 + 1 mixture of water and ethylene glycol. For flash points between 55F(13C) and 140 F (60 C), either water or water-glycol mixture may be used as bath liquid (Note 4). The temp of the liquid in the bath shall be at least 20 F(ll C) below the expected fl p at the rime of introduction of the sample into the test cup. Do not cool the bath liquid by direct contact with carbon dioxide or "dry ice". Place the test cup in position in the bath... 

Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether — Fire Hazards Flash Point (deg. F) 165 OC 155 CC ... 

Ethylbenzene (boiling point 136°C, density 0.8672, flash point 21°C) is a colorless liquid that is manufactured from benzene and ethylene by several modifications of the older mixed liquid-gas reaction system using aluminum chloride as a catalyst (Friedel-Crafts reaction). The reaction takes place in the gas phase over a fixed-bed unit at 370 C under a pressure of 1450 to 2850 kPa. Unchanged andpolyethylated materials are recirculated, making a yield of 98 percent possible. The catalyst operates several days before requiring regeneration. 

The primary manufacturing method of making ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol, boiling point 197.6°C, density 1.1155, flash point 127°C) is from acid or thermal-catalyzed hydration and ring opening of the oxide. 

Ethylene oxide (freezing point -111.7°C, boiling point 10.4°C, flash point <18°C) is a colorless gas that condenses at low temperature into a mobile liquid. Ethylene oxide is miscible in all proportions with water or alcohol and is very soluble in ether. Ethylene oxide is slowly decomposed by water at standard conditions, converting into ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH). 

Styrene (phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene freezing point -30.6°C, boiling point 145°C, density 0.9059, flash point 31.4°C) is made from ethylbenzene by dehydrogenation at high temperature (630°C) with various metal oxides as catalysts, including zinc, chromium, iron, or magnesium oxides coated on activated carbon, alumina, or bauxite (Fig. 1). Iron oxide on potassium carbonate is also used. 

Some of the most widely studied organic reactions at this time are palladium catalysed carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions, which have been extensively investigated in water. For example, palladium catalysed Suzuki reactions can be performed in water in the presence of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG). It should be noted that the PEG may be playing the role of a surfactant (PTC) and/or a support for the metal catalyst in water. Interestingly, in this example, no phosphine is needed and the products are easily separated and the catalyst phase reused. Unfortunately, diethyl ether was used to extract the product and as this solvent is hazardous (low flash point and potential peroxide formation), the overall process would be greener if an alternative solvent could be used. 

Ethylene glycol 0-150 Flammable, cheap, low flash point... 

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