Ethylene dichloride data

The use of ethylene dichloride as solvent was extended by Brown et al. 11 to the determination of the kinetics of benzoylation of other aromatics, using benzoyl chloride catalysed by aluminium chloride, and the data are included in Table 109 the relative reactivities are thus benzene, 1.0 toluene, 117 o-xylene, 1,393 m-xylene, 3,960 and p-xylene, 243 and these values are closely similar to those obtained with nitrobenzene as solvent. No exact comparison of the coefficients with those of Corriu et al. 16 is possible because of the different temperatures employed, but the rates appear to be comparable for the two sets of data after allowing for reasonable temperature dependencies. 

All of the above high-volume organic chemicals are obtained from petroleum or natural gas. This is why the modern organic chemical industry is frequently referred to as the petrochemical industry. The high-volume status of some of these compounds is due to their use to make others lower on the list. For example, ethylene is used to make ethylene dichloride, which, in turn, is used to make vinyl chloride. Ethyl benzene, made from benzene and ethylene, is used to make styrene. Methyl r-butyl ether is made from methanol and butylene, a captive intermediate for which production data is not available. 

The Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, rapid under the influence of a powerful metal halide catalyst, is very selective. The data gathered in recent studies of the acetylation reaction in ethylene dichloride are presented graphically in Fig. 13. The p-phenyl substituent again deviates from the correlation line. Certain apparently real accelerations exist for the large ra-alkyl groups in this reaction. 

New data from our experiments on enzyme changes with other chemicals now show that in rats, not only carbon tetrachloride but also ethylene dichloride, benzene, and methanol bring about a reduction in serum B-esterase during 4 days after a single oral dose at the acute level. These findings seem to indicate that the serum esterase activity response is considerably independent of the chemical structure and the molecular configuration of the stressing chemical, except that the stimulation of esterase activity occurs later than with the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. 

I960), but in another solvent, ethylene dichloride, a Xo value of 208 ma was required to make the plot linear down to 248 m/i (Savitz and Doty, 1958). The dispersion for a helical copolymer of 5% L-tyrosine with L-glutamic acid in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 4.0, the visible and near ultraviolet portion of which is represented in Fig. 7, requires a Xo of 216 mju to bring the data between 240 and 280 mu into line with measurements at higher wavelengths (Fig. 8), As Xo is altered from 212 to 216 mu, bo derived from visible and near ultraviolet data for this polymer changes from —615 to —535. An alteration to 218 m/x is required to correct for a similar nega-... 

In both cases the [I2 ] exponent was larger for polymerizations in the solvent of lower dielectric constant where the counter-ion, (deliberately omitted in the kinetic schemes), was, therefore, envisaged as tri-iodide ion, I3, corresponding to n = 2. In ethylene dichloride n = 1 and the gegenion was assumed to be unassociated, i.e. I . Visible spectrophotometry was used to measure [X], (=[I2]free " [I2M]) and, from a plot of [I2]total/[X] versus [M][X] /(1 + K[M])", the ratio was obtained. Data for K were obtained independently by ultraviolet spectrophotometry using well characterized methods [66, 67]. Thus having determined fej/fet, substitution of the experimental data, Rp, [M] and [I2] TOTAL) the final rate expression enabled values of fep to be calculated. Iodine is also conveniently estimated by iodometric titration... 

Experimental data substituted in the second equation produces a value for the ratio ftp/fef This value is substituted in the first equation, and the absolute value of fej calculated such that the equation fits the observed time/conversion data. Once ftj is determined follows from the known ratio. At 25°C in ethylene dichloride [11] effective dielectric constant, 9.72) fep has the value 7.6 1 mole" sec". ... 

Table 11.4 lists economic data on the main methods for produdng ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride. Table 11.5 gives data on the three main types of process for manufacturing chlorine by the electrolysis of sodium chloride. 

A 2.0 M solution of styrene in ethylene dichloride is polymerized at 25°C using 4.0 X 10 M sulfuric acid. Calculate the initial degree of polymerization. What would be the degree of polymerization if the monomer solution contains isopropylbenzene at a concentration of 8.0 x 10 Ml Use the following data as needed kp = 7.6 L mol ... 

Formula CINCONCIOC(CH3)2 Properties Wh. powd., mild chlorine odor sol. in benzene, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, alcohol, chlorinated and highly polar soivs. si. sol. in water m.w. 185.01 sp.gr. 1.5 (20 C) m.p. 132-134 C flash pt. (CC) 174 C pH 4.4 (aq.) subl. 100 C conflagrates 212 C Toxicology ACGIH TLV/TWA 0.2 mg/m STEL 0.4 mg/m LD50 (oral, rat) 452 mg/kg LCLo (inh., rat, 1 h) 20 g/m toxic by inhalation mod. toxic by ingestion severe skin irritant causes cancer when injected into rats mutation data reported TSCA listed... 

Data on [r ] as a function of molecular weight for fractions of PPSQ in two different solvents, are shown in Fig. 5. For one of these, ethylene dichloride at 50 C,... 

A 0. With the other solvent, benzene, A2 is positive, and of the magnitude commonly observed with pol3mier solutions in "good solvents". It can be seen that for PPSQ, [r ] does not depend very much on solvent, that is on A2. Graphical comparison of the data in Fig. 5 with the theoretical curves in Fig. 4 gives p = 74 A in both solvents, with d equal to 8.9 and 4.4 A in benzene and ethylene dichloride, respectively. In this treatment was taken... 

Subramanian, D. Nageshwar, G. D. Mene, P. S. Isobaiic vapour-liquid equilibrium data for system ethylene dichloride - n-butanol. J. Chem. Eng. Data 1969, 14, 421-422. 

The first isolable alkenetitanium complex, the bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)-titanium—ethylene complex 5, was prepared by Bercaw et al. by reduction of bis(penta-methylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride in toluene with sodium amalgam under an atmosphere of ethylene (ca. 700 Torr) or from ( (n-C5Mc5)2Ti 2(fJ-N2)2 by treatment with ethylene [42], X-ray crystal structure analyses of 5 and of the ethylenebis(aryloxy)trimethyl-phosphanyltitanium complex 6 [53] revealed that the coordination of ethylene causes a substantial increase in the carbon—carbon double bond length from 1.337(2) A in free ethylene to 1.438(5) A and 1.425(3) A, respectively. Considerable bending of the hydrogen atoms out of the plane of the ethylene molecule is also observed. By comparison with structural data for other ethylene complexes and three-membered heterocyclic compounds, the structures of 5 and 6 would appear to be intermediate along the continuum between a Ti(11)-ethylene (4A) and a Ti(IV)-metallacyclopropane (4B) (Scheme 11.1) as... 

Polymers were made in various yields by using racemic ethylene-bridged bis-indenyl zirconium dichloride (rac-(C2H4)Ind2ZrCl2) as the metallocene. This compound is known for its ability to produce LCB. Again, polymers made at low yields were found (by JC analysis and also by SEC-MALS) to produce polymers of higher LCB levels. The data shown in the table indicate that as more polymer was made (as the yield increased), the level of LCB in the polymer declined. 

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