Chlorine manufacture

Chlorine Manufactured hy electrolysis, bleaching cotton and flour by-product of organic chemicals Textiles, chemicals Attacks entire respirato ry tract and mucous membrane of eye... 

Figure 8.2.1. Conceptual process diagram of t>pical chlorine manufacturing process.

High haziird areas in chlorine manufacture include ... 

A potentially liazardous by-product of chlorine manufacture is nitrogen trichloride, which is unstable and liigldy explosive. It can be formed from a combination of chlorine with nitrogen compounds in the brine feed, ammonia in... 

Again, if we divide the square of the equilibrium constant for hydrogen chloride by that for steam we obtain the equilibrium for the Deacon process of chlorine manufacture ... 

There is a need for accurate in-line hydrogen monitor in individual electrolyzers in chloralkali industry that will provide huge cost savings in chlorine manufacturing processes. Again, an in-line process monitor that can be installed in individual electrolyzers is highly desired. 

Grasim Industries is a part of the 29.2 billion corporation and premium conglomerate, the Aditya Birla Group, a dominant player in almost all chemical industry sector, and one of the Fortune 500 business enterprises. The Caustic Soda and Chlorine manufacturing division is situated in Nagda, Mathya Pradesh, India. 

Chlorine Anodes. In chlorine manufacture, anode operating life is limited by coaling wear. The wear rate varies according to cell type. The longest anode coaling life has been achieved in diaphragm chlorine cells. 

Environmental and Safety f actors. The primary environmental concern for the coaling plant is actually the residual material on the anode structures being returned for recoating. Therefore the anode user must enact effective cleaning procedures prior to shipment. Overall, the DSA [Electrode Corp.) has made chlorine manufacture cleaner, more consistent, simpler, and therefore safer. 

Chlorine Manufacture of pulp and paper, plastics, chlorinated chemicals Irritation... 

After listening intently, the operating foreman explained that mere traces of chrome salts in the brine system could create an explosive situation within the electrolytic chlorine cells. Traces of chrome salts in the feed brine to the chlorine cells liberate hydrogen gas in the chlorine cell gas. Hydrogen in the chlorine cell gas has a very wide explosive range. Installation of stainless steel equipment in sodium chloride brine systems has devastated chlorine processing equipment within other similar chlorine manufacturing plants. The maintenance foreman had the improper pump impeller removed immediately before any problems occurred. 

Chlorine Manufactured by electrolysis, bleaching Textiles, chemicals Attacks entire respiratory tract and mucous... 

Electrical power is needed at all sites. Electrochemical processes (for example, chlorine manufacture or aluminum smelting) require large quantities of power and must be located close to a cheap source of power. 

Chlorine is widely used throughout the world to purify water. In the United States, about 4 percent of the chlorine manufactured is used in water purification. Very small amounts of chlorine (about 1 percent of all the chlorine produced) is used in the paper and pulp industry as a bleach. 

The ca. 10% saving in electrical energy over the mercury and diaphragm processes makes this process the most economical one for chlorine manufacture for investment in new plant. 

Although these technologies are associated with the held of inorganic chemistry and consequently have no theoretical link with petrochemical processes, it appeared to be indispensable to discuss briefly the technical and economic problems of chlorine manufacture in connection with the production of vinyl chloride. In fact, any complex of even average size, which considers this outlet for ethylene, must include chlorine-producing facilities, if only because of storage and transport problems. 

Fig. 11.10. Chlorine manufacture. Schematic diagram of diaphragm type electrolytic criL...

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