Ethyl eicosapentaenoate

Omega-3 Fatty Acids. There has been at least one report that the omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid, administered at 1 gram daily under study as an antidepressant, may be helpful in the treatment of moderately severe BPD. It is tempting to speculate that the omega-3 fatty acids might possess mood-stabilizing properties, but this needs to be studied in controlled trials. 

Berger GE, Wood SJ, Wellard RM, Proffitt TM, Mcconchie M, et al. 2008. Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in first-episode psychosis. A lh-mrs study. Neuropsychopharmacology 33(10) 2467-2473. 

As desirable products have similar molecular weights (ethyl docosahexaenoate is 356, and ethyl eicosapentaenoate is 330), it is clear that this type of fish oil product cleanup is best done at the oil stage to avoid losses at the same time as contaminant removal, which is carried out as described above. However, dimers and/or other polymeric and/or colored materials may be left behind if wiped wall equipment is used in its capacity of a simple and inefficient short-path still for the ethyl esters only. This process will produce a water-white distillate product. Regrettably, it is not an efficient way to separate ethyl-EPA from ethyl-DHA. 

Peet M, EPA Treatment Group. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the treatment of schizophrenia. Treatment of schizophrenia with ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA) a randomized placebo controlled trial. Brain Reuptake and Utilization of Fatty Acids, Applications to Peroxisomal Disorders, an International Workshop, 2000, p. 11. 

Puri BK, Bydder GM, Counsell SJ. Richardson AJ, Hajnal JV, Appel C, et al. Treatment of Huntington s disease with ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid a randomized, placebo-controlled trials. British Association of Psychopharmacology Summer Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 2000. 

Murck H, Song C, Horrobin DF, Uhr M (2004) Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate and dexamethasone resistance in therapy-refractory depression. Int J Neuropsychophannacol 7 341-349 Nakamura T, Lipton SA (2009) Cell death protein misfolding and neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis 14 455-468... 

Linko, P., 2003. Oxidation stability of powdery ethyl eicosapentaenoate included in cydodextrins and polysaccharide/ cydodextrin mixtures. Jpn. J. Food Eng. 4 25-30. 

Mectianism of Action A combination of ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that inhibits acyl coenzyme A l,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase and increases peroxisomal oxidation in the liver. Therapeutic Effect Reduces the synthesis of triglycerides in the liver. 

BJ McKeone, K Osmundsen, D Brauchi, Q Pao, C Payton-Ross, C Kilinc, FA Kummerow, HJ Pow-nall. Alterations in serum phosphatidylcholine fatty acyl species by eicosapentaenoic and docosa-hexaenoic ethyl esters in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. J Lipid Res 38 429-436, 1997. 

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have various physiological functions and are widely used as pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, and as food additives. The ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been used for the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hyperlipemia since 1991 in Japan (Hara, 1993). DHA possesses not only similar physiological activities to those of EPA, but also an important function in the brain and retina (Hung, 2007). In addition, DHA accelerates the growth of preterm infants as does arachidonic acid (Carlson et al., 1993 Lanting et al., 1994). From these reasons, DHA ethyl ester (DHAEE) is currently expected to be used as a medicine, and the development of the purification methods is desired. 

Product identification for refined ethyl esters of fish oil, containing eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester... 

Teramoto M, Matsuyama H, Nakai K, Uesaka T, and Ohnishi N. Eacilitated uphill transport of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester through bulk and supported liquid membranes containing silver nitrate as carrier A new type of uphill transport. J Mem Sci, 1994 91(1-2) 209-213. Teramoto M, Matsuyama H, and Ohnishi N. Selective facilitated transport of benzene across supported and flowing liquid membranes containing silver nitrate as a carrier. J Mem Sci, 1990 50 269-278. 

Teramoto M, Matsuyama H, and Nakai K. Separation of ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid by circulating liquid membranes using silver nitrate as a carrier. Uphill transport by use of temperature and solvent dependencies of distribution ratio. Sep Sci Technol, 1996 31(14) 1953-1969. 

Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fractionation of fish oil ethyl esters (EE) was employed to prepare EE of two omega-3 fatty acids, all cis-5,8,11,14, 17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and all cis-4,7,10,13, 16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 90% purity and to separate the synthetic triacylglycerols (TG), trieicosapentaenoylglycerol (tri-EPA), and tridocosahexaenoyl-glycerol (tri-DHA) in > 92% purity from other reaction mixture components. In the synthesis, glycerine reacted with EE and sodium glyceroxide catalyst to form TG. 

Krokan HE, Bjerve KS, Mork E. The enteral bioavailabiUty of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is as good from ethyl esters as from glyceryl esters in spite of lower hydrolytic rates by pancreatic lipase in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993 1168 59-67. 

Nordoy A, Barstad L. Connor Wl i, Hatcher L. Absorption of the n-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids as ethyl esters and triglycerides by humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 53 1185-1190. 

Paulsen JE, Elvsaas I-KO, Steffensen 1-L, Alexander J. A fish oil derived concentrate enriched in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid as ethyl ester suppresses the formation and growth of intestinal polyps in the Min mouse. Carcinogenesis 1997 18 1905-1910. 

Yamazaki K, Hamazaki T. Changes in fatty acid composition in rat blood and organs after infusion of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992 1128 35-43. 

Abbreviations PC, phosphatidylcholine FFA, free fatty acid EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid DHA, docosahexaenoic acid EPA-EE, eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester DHA-EE, docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester CLA, conjugated linoleic acid,. 

C.W. Park, S.J. Kwon, J.J. Han, and J.S. Rhee Transesterification of phosphatidylcholine with eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester using phospholipase A2 in organic solvent. Biotechnology Letters 22 (2000) 147-150. 

Abbreviations ROS, reactive oxygen species LDL, low density lipoprotein FO, fish oil ERA, eicosapentaenoic acid DHA, docosa-hexaenoic acid GLA, y-linolenic acid EE, ethyl ester TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. 

Saito, C., Chang, K.-J.,Tamura,Y., and Yoshida, S. (1991) Ingestion of Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Ethyl Ester Renders Rabbit LDL Less Susceptible to Cu +-Catalyzed Oxidative Modification, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175,61-67. 

Froyland, L., Vaagenes, H., Asiedu, D., Garras, A., Lie, 0. Beige, R.K. (1996). Lipidk 31 169-178. Chronic administration of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as ethyl esters reduced plasma cholesterol and changed fatty acid composition in rat blood and organs. 

Willumsen, N.,Vaagenes, H., Asiedu, D., Lie, 0., Rustan, A.C. Berge, R.K. 1996. Lipids, 31, 579-592. Eicosapentaenoic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid (both as ethyl esters) increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and upregulates 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase gene expression. A potential mechanism for the hypolipidemic action of fish oil in rats. 

EP. See Ethylene glycol propyl ether EPA. See Propylene glycol ethyl ether acetate Eicosapentaenoic acid Epal 6. See Hexyl alcohol Epal 8. See Caprylic alcohol Epal 10. See Decyl alcohol Epal 12. See Lauryl alcohol Epal 14. See Myristyl alcohol Epal 16NF. See Cetyl alcohol Epal 18NF. See Stearyl alcohol Epal 618. See Cetearyl alcohol Epalloy 5000. See Epoxy, bisphenol A, hydrogenated... 

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