Ethoxyquin

In addition to DAA s use in the production of MIBK, DAA also finds use as a specialty reaction intermediate. Hydrogenation of DAA at 100°C and 30 MPa (83) yields hexylene glycol ( 1.43/kg, October 1994), widely used in castor oil-based hydrauhc brake fluids and as a solvent. Reaction of /)-phenetidine [156-43-4] with DAA synthesizes Monsanto s Santoquin (ethoxyquin) [91-53-2] (149), an antioxidant used in animal feeds and also as a mbber additive. Diacetone alcohol (acetone-free) was available at 1.32/kg as of October 1994. 

Glycerol ethoxyquin, dansyl amides 20-fold spray solution, 33% in methanol [292] or 50% ethanol [245]... 

Triton X-100 ethoxyquin (antioxidant in spices) > 200-fold, stabilization > 15 h spray solution, 33% in benzene the fluorescence of aflatoxin Bi is reduced by 10 to 15% [292]. 

Ethosuximide 254,255 Ethoxyquin 106,108 Ethylamphetamines 45 Ethylenediamine reagent 392 N -Ethyl-N - methanesulfonamidoethyl)-2-methyl-1,4-phenylenediamine reagent 368... 

Ethoxylcarbonyl-2-arylazo-2-nitroe thane derivatives lb 365 Ethoxyquine la 106,108 Ethylamine lb 104,268 N-Ethylamine derivatives, tertiary lb 290 Ethylamphetamines la 45 N-Ethyl-N -benzylthiourea lb 301 N-Ethyl derivatives lb 190 -, secondary lb 190 -, tertiary lb 188, 191 Ethelenediamine la 392 Ethylene glycol dinitrate lb 415 N4-Ethyl-N4-(2-methanesulfonamido-ethyl)-2-methyl-l,4-phenylenediamine, reagent la 368... 

Plant extracts containing xanthophyll diesters are saponified in composition of propylene glycol and aqueous alkali to form crystals crystallization of xanthophylls is achieved without use of organic solvents crystals are isolated and purified Xanthophylls obtained from corn gluten meal at 50 C using ethanol with ethoxyquin as antioxidant... 

In turkeys, natural diets with as much as 800 mg Cu/kg ration have no adverse effects on growth or survival. But purified diets are toxic to turkeys in three weeks, and purified diets that contain as little as 50 mg Cu/kg ration produce adverse effects (Waibel et al. 1964). Turkeys fed purified diets with supplemented copper show a dose-dependent increase in mortality and decrease in growth these effects are attributed to a copper-accelerated dietary deterioration (Supplee 1964). Turkey growth and survival are acceptable when fed purified diets supplemented with as much as 800 mg Cu/kg ration provided that effective levels of added antioxidant (0.02% ethoxyquin) and stabilized sources of Vitamins A and D are present (Supplee 1964). 

Ethoxylated fatty esters, emulsifiers, detergents, and dispersants, 8 710t Ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, microemulsions based on, 16 428 Ethoxylated surfactants, 24 142, 148 Ethoxylates, 24 149-151 Ethoxylation, fatty amines, 2 523 2-Ethoxypyridine, 21 104 Ethoxyquin, 10 854 13 42t, 51 2-Ethyl-1-butanol... 

There are some differences in the regulation of US and EU antioxidants. The restrictions on synthetic antioxidants are more strict in the EU, e.g. TBHQ, THBP, anoxomer, ethoxyquin, guaiac resin and derivates of thiodipropionic acid are not permitted there. On the other hand, sulphur dioxide and sulphites, citric and tartaric acids and their salts and salts of EDTA are not listed as permitted antioxidants in the US. 

Ethoxyquin [91-53-2] V-Ethyl-m-toluidine [102-27-2] 1660B 1(3)1117C, N(1)999D XU6400000... 

The antioxidant ethoxyquin (94) is conceptually similar to (88) in that it contains a benzene ring with two heteroatoms in a 1,4-relationship, one of which lies in a dihydroaromatic ring. This compound was reported to inhibit the release of LO products from rat ISN, although it was more potent against CO [244]. Orally-dosed ethoxyquin inhibited cell influx in a rabbit hydronephrotic kidney model [245], and was anti-inflammatory in guinea-pig UV erythema [246]. No relationship was drawn between these activities and 5-LO inhibition. 

Another import field of development is the investigation of pesticides transformation products in food. Some examples are the investigation of the acaricide amitraz and its transformation products, 2,4-dimethylaniline (DMA), 2,4-dimethylformamidine (DMF), and N-2,4-dimethylphenyl-N-methylformamidine (DMPF) in pears [220] Antioxidant pesticides as well as their metabolites used in postharvest treatment have been investigated in pears and apples with concentrations in the ranges 0.002-0.672 ng/g (ethoxyquin), 0.94-11.86 ng/g (imazalil), 0.024-0.902 ng/g (diphenylamine), 0.012-2.59 ng/g (thiabendazole). 

Dunkley, W. L., Ronning, A. A., Franke, A. A. and Robb, J. 1967. Supplementing rations with tocopherol and ethoxyquin to increase oxidative stability of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 50, 492-499. 

The most common detectors used for the determination of SPA are the detectors that operate at the UV wavelength of 233 or 280 nm (104,111,113,115-119,126,144,71). Fluorometric detectors are used mainly for the determination of ethoxyquin (133-135), and it is also possible to use electrochemical detectors (123,137). A very progressive electrochemical detection system is based on measuring the array potential of SPA, with the previous oxidative removal of impurities (128). 

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