Ethanol sensor

Figure 9. Response of the ethanol sensor layer based on ETHt 4004 on exposure to aqueous...

Choi J.W., Bae J.Y., Min J., Cho K.S., Lee W.H., Fiber-optic ethanol sensor using alcohol dehydrogenase-immobilized Langmuir-Blodgett film, Sensor Mater. 1996 8 493-504. 

In a further development, an ADH-MB-NAD/polypyrrole electrode, a platinum counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode were assembled and covered with a gas-permeable polymer membrane to form an gaseous ethanol sensor. This appears to be the first time that a complete enzyme sensor for gaseous ethanol has been fabricated in such a manner with NAD incorporated in immobilized form. 

B. Leca and J.-L. Marty, Reagentless ethanol sensor based on a NAD-dependent dehydrogenase, Biosens. Bioelectron., 12(11) (1997)... 

Ethanol sensors were fabricated using the membrane-bound quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.8) from different sources and... 

The oxide-semiconductor-based ethanol sensor is being used to screen intoxicated drivers. In the test condition on the road, the ambient concentrations of CO and N02 can be up to 100 and lOppm due to the emissions from gasoline and diesel engines, respectively.61 The results shown in Fig. 12.6 suggest that the present sensors may be applied for selective detection of ethanol. Acetone is a very rare component in an ordinary ambient atmosphere. However, the expiration of a diabetes patient can contain acetone.62 Acetone concentration in breath air can reach up to 300 ppm in the case of an aceto-acidotic coma related to diabetes mellitus.63,64 This might interfere the ethanol sensor. A high selectivity to ethanol is required for such applications. The SZ sensor at 300°C and the ZW sensor at 400°C can satisfy these requirements. On the contrary, to examine the health condition of a diabetes patient, selective detection of acetone without the interference with alcohol is desirable. In this case, the W sensor at 400°C will be of advantageous. 

Arnold et al. (1987) described an optoelectronic ethanol sensor based on fluorimetric detection of NADH formed in the reaction catalyzed by ADH. The enzyme was fixed to the inner surface of a membrane permeable to volatile substances, which separated the sample from the internal sensor solution. This solution contained NADH and semicarbazide, so that no reagent had to be added to the sample. The arrangement was named an internal optical enzyme sensor . 

Calibration graph and analytical range of an enzyme-based ethanol sensor with an oxygen optode as the transducer. From (80]. 

Basically, ethanol sensors designed for use in traffic control can be used for this purpose. However, their function is based on a cooperative proband [26]. Sedated or anesthetized patients are not able to carry out the necessary procedures. In addition, the electrochemical sensors used suffer interference from most anesthetic gases. For future application, IR sensors which distinguish between ethanol and anesthetic gases have to be designed on the basis of today s IR sensors. 

Ethanol is a common chemical material in the indnstry for alimental mannfactnring, cosmetic prodnction, and organic synthesis [107]. The ethanol sensors find application in various areas, such as drunken driving, monitoring of fermentation, and other processes in chemical indnstries [108,109], Ethanol is also one of the major canses of traffic accidents in the advanced conntries, so the laws and regnlations are made to improve the fitness of their people by changing the allowed alcohol level from time... 

Pang C.-C., Chen M.-H., Lin T.-Y, and Chou T.-C., An amperometric ethanol sensor by using nickel modified carbon-rod electrode. Sens. Actuators B, 73(2-3), 221-227, 2001. 

Hwang B. J., Yang J. Y., and Lin C. W., A Microscopic Gas-sensing model for Ethanol sensors based on conductive polymer composite from polypyrrole and poly(ethylene oxide), J. Electrochem. Soc. 146, 1231-1236, 1999. 

Hellegouarch F., AreKhonsari F., and Planade R., Amouroux PECVD prepared Sn02 thin films for ethanol sensors. Sens. Actuators B, 73, 27-34, 2001. 

Zhao S., Sin J. K. O., Xu B., Zhao M., Peng Z., and Cai H., A high performance ethanol sensor based on field-effect transistor using a LaEeOj nano-crystalline thin-film as a gate electrode, Sens. Actuators B, 64, 83-87, 2000. 

Examples of enzymes used for biosensors include glucose oxidase for glucose sensors, alcohol oxidase for ethanol sensors, lactate oxidase for lactate sensors and urease for urea sensors. A typical enzyme reaction, as described by equation 5.2 might involve the transfer of an electron, a pH change, hydrolysis, esterification or bond cleavage. The type of enzymatic reaction that occurs determines the type of transducer that is used. 

Ethanol Sensor Using MgO Thin Eilms as Sensing Element.254... 

Choopun, S., Hongsith, N., Mangkorntong, P. and Mangkorntong, N. (2007) Zinc oxide nanobelts by RF sputtering for ethanol sensor , Physica E, 39,53-6. 

Ethanol sensor based on alcohol dehydrogenase by a polymer from 51a (M = Ni) [157]. 

R. Wu, Y. Huang, M. Yu, T.H. Lin, and S. Hung, Application of m-CNTs/NaClOyPPy to a fast response, room working temperature ethanol sensor. Sens. Actuat B, 134, 213-218... 

Xu X, Goponenko AV, Asher SA (2008) Polymerized polyHEMA photonic crystals pH and ethanol sensor materials. J Am Chem Soc 130 3113... 

The first example of a fiber-optic internal enzyme biosensor has been reported for the determination of ethanol (13). A microporous Teflon membrane is used as the perm-selective membrane for this ethanol sensor. Alcohol dehydrogenase is the enzyme and the following reactions take place in the sensor ... 

Newer applications of macroemulsion-derived powders are now being probed. Thus, excellent performance of an ethanol sensor based on macroemulsion-synthesized chromium titanate has been reported recently [203]. In the device, the microspheres were screen-printed on pre-patterned alumina substrates with gold electrodes. Sensitivity to ethanol vapor both in dry and humid air was found to be dependent on the particle size, and thus, could be tailored. 

Pal, R Nandi, D. Misra, T. N. Immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in a Langmuir-Blodgett film of stearic acid its application as an ethanol sensor. Thin Solid Films 1994,1, 138-143. 

For instance, Brooks et al. [416] developed an on-line glucose sensor for fermentation monitoring which overcomes the joint problems of stability and sterilizability. Mattiasson [417] tested an ethanol sensor during baker s yeast production. 

Kroon MC, Buijs W, Peters CJ, Witkamp GJ (2007) Quantum chemical aided prediction of the thermal decomposition mechanisms and temperatures of ionic liquids. Thermochim Acta 465(l-2) 40-47 Lee YG, Chou TC (2004) Ionic liquid ethanol sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 20(1) 33 10... 

Brinzari V, Korotcenkov G, Schwank J, Lantto V, Saukko S, Golovanov V (2002) Morphological rank of nano-scale tin dioxide films deposited by spray pyrolysis from SnCj -fiH O water solution. Thin Solid Films 408 51-58 Brousse T, Schleich DM (1996) Sprayed and thermally evaporated SnO thin films for ethanol sensors. Sens Actuators B Chem 31 77-79... 

Some characteristics of a prototype ethanol sensor based on LaNi03 (Obayashi et al. 1976) (reprinted by permission of the publisher, Academic Press, Inc.)... 

Zhang, Z., Zhang, C. and Zhang, X. (2002) Development of a chemiluminescence ethanol sensor based on nanosized Zr02. Analyst, 127, 792-6. 

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