Ethane + propane + 2-methylpropane

Hydrate Methane + ethane + propane + 2-methylpropane Reference Mei et al. (1998)... 

The ability of the rhenium-benzene co-condensate to activate linear- and cyclic- alkanes is quite general. We have co-condensed rhenium atoms with alkane benzene mixtures using the alkanes ethane, propane, butane, 2-methylpropane, neopentane,... 

D. A. Pittam, G. Pilcher. Measurements of Heats of Combustion by Flame Calorimetry. Part 8. Methane, Ethane, Propane, n-Butane and 2-Methylpropane. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 11972, 68, 2224-2229. 

A similar conclusion applies to a Mg-V-O catalyst in which Mg3(V04)2 is the active component. The relative rates of reaction for different alkanes on this catalyst follow the order ethane < propane < butane 2-methylpropane < cyclohexane (Table I) [12-14]. This order parallels the order of the strength of C-H bonds present in the molecule, which is primary C-H > secondary C-H > tertiary C-H. Ethane, which contains only primary C-H bonds, reacts the slowest, whereas propane, butane, and cyclohexane react faster with rates related to the number of secondary carbon atoms in the molecule, and 2-methylpropane, with only one tertiary carbon and the rest primary carbons, reacts faster than propane which contains only one secondary carbon. Similar to a Mg-V-O catalyst, the relative rates of oxidation of light alkanes on a Mg2V207 catalyst follow the same order (Table I). 

Heavy lines represent main oxidation route for ethane, propane, and 2-methylpropane... 

More than 300 compounds had been identified in cocoa volatiles, 10% of which were carbonyl compounds (59,60). Acetaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, phenylacetaldhyde and propanal were products of Strecker degradation of alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenyl-acetaldehyde, and a-aminobutyric acid, respectively. Eckey (61) reported that raw cocoa beans contain about 50-55% fats, which consisted of palmitic (26.2%), stearic (34.4%), oleic (37.3%), and linoleic (2.1%) acids. During roasting cocoa beans these acids were oxidized and the following carbonyl compounds might be produced - oleic 2-propenal, butanal, valeraldehyde, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, and 2-alkenals of Cg to C-q. Linoleic ethanal, propanal, pentanal, hexanal, 2-alkenals of to C q, 2,4-alkadienals of Cg to C-q, methyl ethyl ketone and hexen-1,6-dial. Carbonyl compounds play a major role in the formation of cocoa flavor components. 

The butane with the unbranched carbon chain is called normal butane (abbreviated M-butane) it boils at 0.5°C and melts at -138.3 C. The branched-chain butane is called 2-methylpropane it boils at -11.7 C and melts at —159.5°C. These differences in physical properties are sufficient to establish that the two compounds, though they have the same molecular formula, are different substances. The structural arrangements of the atoms in methane, ethane, propane, butane, and 2-methylpropane are shown in Figure 19.4. 

Spacefilling models illustrating structural formulas of methane, ethane, propane, butane, and 2-methylpropane. Condensed structural formulas are shown above the names, line sructures to the left of the names. 

Pittam, D.A. and Pilcher, G. (1972) Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8. Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane./. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1,68,2224-2229. 

Figure 4a Summary of the reactions of rhenium atoms with acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Rhenium atoms were co-condensed with the indicated substrates at -196 °C. (i) Ethane (ii) Propane (iii) n-Butane (iv) Neopentane (v) 2-Methylpropane and (vi) Tetramethylsilane.

Materials. The gases used (methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, n-butane, 2-methylpropane, and the butenes) were at least 99% pure (Cambrian Chemicals, Ltd.). The purity of each gas was tested by gas chromatography (columns of molecular sieve 5A, silica gel, or Porapak Q). 

Fig. 5. Rate of H—D exchange versus ionization potential of alkanes and aromatic compounds 1 = methane 2 = ethane 3 = propane 4 = n-butane 5 = n-pentane 6 = n-hexane 7 = cyclopentane 8 = cyclohexane 9 = benzene 10 = naphthalene 11 = phenanthrene 12 = 2,2-dimethylbutane (see text) 13 = 1,1-dimethylpropy I benzene (see text) 14 = 2-methylpropane 15 = 2-methylbutane 16 = 2,2-dimethylpropane 17 = 2-methylpentane 18 = 3-methylpentane 19 = 2,3-dimethylbutane 20 = 2,2-dimethylbutane.

The first step of the activation of butane and cyclohexane has been assumed to be the cleavage of a secondary C—H bond, with minor contributions from primary C — H bonds in the case of butane. This picture is supported only by indirect evidence. When the relative rates of reaction of various alkanes were compared on a V-Mg oxide and Mg2V207 catalyst (Table VIII), it was found that alkanes with only primary carbons (ethane) reacted most slowly. Those with secondary carbons (propane, butane, and cyclohexane) reacted faster, with the rate being faster for those with more secondary carbon atoms. Finally, the alkane with one tertiary carbon (2-methylpropane) reacted faster than the ones with either a single or no secondary carbon (26). From these data, it was estimated that the relative rates of reaction of a primary, secondary, and tertiary C—H bond in alkanes on the V-Mg oxide catalyst were 1, 6, and 32, respectively (26). 

SbF5—Si02—AI2O3 has been used to isomerize a series of alkanes at or below room temperature. Methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, propane, butane, 2-methylpropane, and pentane all reacted at room temperature, whereas methane, ethane, and 2,2-dimethylpropane could not be activated.111... 

Propane has the formula C3H8 and butane C4H8. There are two isomers of butane, / -butane and isobutane (2-methylpropane). Propane and the butane isomers are gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure like methane and ethane, all three are asphyxiants. A high concentration of propane affects the central nervous system. There are essentially no known systemic toxicological effects of the two butane isomers behavior similar to that of propane might be expected. 

Conversions of several alkanes proceeded at room temperature or below, over the metal oxides treated with SbF5 the conversion rates of alkanes were in the following order cyclohexane = methylcyclopen-tane > hexane > pentane = 2-methylbutane > butane = 2-methylpropane > propane > 2,2-dimethylpropane — ethane - methane (31, 32). 

The results of pyrolysis of polypropylene in air depends on the pyrolysis heating rate because the pyrolysis process competes with the oxidation [108], By heating between 120° C and 280° C in air, polypropylene is reported to generate ethene, ethane, propene, propane, isobutene, butane, isobutane, pentadiene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 5-methyl-1-heptene, dimethylbenzene, methanol, ethanol, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-ol, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propanal, methacrolein, 2-methylpropanal, butanal, 2-vinylcrotonaldehyde, 3-methylpentanal, 3-methylhexanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, ethenone, acetone, 3-buten-2-one, 2-butanone, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, 1-cyclopropylethanone, 3-methyl-2-buten-2-one, 3-penten-2-one, 2-pentanone, 2,3-butanedione [109]. 

A 31 (hydrocarbon) Caswell No. 503A 1,1-Dimethyl-ethane EINECS 200-857-2 ERA Pesticide Chemical Code 097101 HSDB 608 Isobutane 2-Methylpropane Propane, 2-methyl- R 600a Trimethylmethane, Hydro-carbon gas used as a fuel and an Aerosol propellant. Colorless gas mp = -138.3° bp = -11,7° d 0.5510 insoluble in H2O, soluble in organic solvents, Air Prods Chems Phillips 66. 

This information is, of course, only of a qualitative nature. To obtain a better picture of alkane reactivity in radical abstraction reactions, the activation barrier was computed for the reaction between alkanes and radical reactant. The example used was the reaction between 2-methylpropane, propane, ethane, and methane as alkanes and the trichloromethyl radical as a radical reactant (Table 16). The B3LYP computed activation barriers were not corrected of zero point energy, which is usually 1-2 kcal/mol. With this correction computed, experimental [119] values should be in excellent agreement. As expected, 2-methylpropane was the most susceptible in the hydrogen radical abstraction reaction. With the activation barrier around 8 kcal/mol, it was possible to perform the reaction at a... 

Bond dissociation energy, 13, 151—153, 155 acetylene, 343 aryl halides, 918 benzene, 918 ethane, 151, 343, 918 ethylene, 171, 343, 918 ethyl halides, 918 and halogenation of methane, 155 2-methylpropane, 151,152, 414 peroxides, 220 propane, 151 propene, 370, 414 table, 151 vinyl hahdes, 918... 

Natural gas consists of approximately 90%-95% methane 5%-10% ethane and a mixture of other relatively low-boiling alkanes, chiefly propane, butane, and 2-methylpropane. The current widespread use of ethylene as the organic chemical industry s most important building block is largely the result of the ease with which ethane can be separated from natural gas and cracked into ethylene. 

The formation of macrocyclic species decreases dramatically on going from ethane-1,2-diamine to propane-1,2-diamine and further to 2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine. 

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