Alkanes ethane

Natural gas, depending on its source, contains—besides methane as the main hydrocarbon compound (present usually at >80-90%) — some of the higher homologous alkanes (ethane, propane, butane). In wet gases the amount of C2-C5 alkanes is higher (gas liquids). 

Polya also obtained asymptotic estimates for a number of other problems, such as multiply-substituted alkanes, ethane derivatives, and cycloparaffins. 

The ability of the rhenium-benzene co-condensate to activate linear- and cyclic- alkanes is quite general. We have co-condensed rhenium atoms with alkane benzene mixtures using the alkanes ethane, propane, butane, 2-methylpropane, neopentane,... 

We have already explained. In terms of hybridisation, how a carbon atom can form four sp hybrid orbitals (see p. 47). We can apply this concept to explain the bonding in alkanes. Ethane is taken as an example of a typical alkane. The four sp hybrid orbitals on each carbon atom will overlap end-on with four other orbitals three hydrogen Is orbitals and one sp hybrid orbital on the other carbon atom. Four cr bonds will be formed and they will adopt a tetrahedral arrangement. This is illustrated for ethane in the diagram. 

Aromatic hydrocarbon anomalies are evident in soils over both fields (Fig. 2). The anomalous 4-, 5-, and 6-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, which correspond with the 395 nm, 431 nm and 470 nm fluorescence peaks suggest the presence of heavy oil seeps at surface. Light alkanes (ethane and n-butane) are the most important... 

Let us consider first the simple alkane ethane. Since both carbons have a tetrahedral array of bonds, ethane may be drawn in the form of a wedge-dot representation. 

The dihydrido complex [RhH2(ri5-C5Me5)(PMe3)] forms C—H insertion products when irradiated in the presence of alkanes (ethane, propane).227,228 Reaction with CHBr3 leads to bromoalkylrhodium complexes, which on treatment with bromine give ethyl bromide or 1-bromopropane in 70-85% yield. The less stable iridium complex formed with neopentane could not be converted directly to neopentyl bromide.229 It gave, however, a mercury derivative that yielded the bromide after treatment with bromine. 

Unlike higher alkanes, ethane contains only primary C—H bonds, and the dehydrogenation product ethene contains only vinylic C—H bonds. As shown in Table I, these are strong bonds. Thus one would expect that, compared to other alkanes, the activation of ethane would require the highest temperature, but the reaction might be the most selective in terms of the formation of alkene. Indeed, this appears to be the case. 

At temperatures around 300°C. Reaction —2 is much faster than Reaction 8, and hence all other reactions of peroxy radicals at this temperature. Reaction 2 may therefore be considered to be in equilibrium at this temperature for the simpler alkanes (ethane, propane, 2-methyl-propane, neopentane) and therefore... 

Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by adding -yl in place of -ane to the stem name. Thus the alkane ethane becomes the radical ethyl. These exceptions are permitted for unsubstituted radicals only ... 

Also known as paraffins, alkanes are the simplest of the organic compounds. Alkanes are characterized by carbon-carbon single bonds. Thus, alkanes are the carbon backbone for other functional groups. Methane (CH4) is the simplest alkane. Ethane, CH3-CH3 is the next member of the alkane family. There are several ways we can represent ethane. 

Fig. 7 Yardstick-plots (Eq. 1) of the graphitized black N220g obtained with a series of alkenes (ethylene, propylene, iso-butylene) (filled symbols) and alkanes (ethane, propane, iso-butane) (open symbols). Adsorption temperatures are chosen as evaporation points at vapor pressures p0 103 mbar (lower curves) and po 104 mbar (upper curves) of the condensed gases, respectively...

Fe20(0Ac)2Cl2(bipy)2 successfully hydroxylates C6, C3, and C2 alkanes when tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) is used as the oxygen donor ([5] [TBHP]-.[substrate] = 1 150 1100) the observed reactivity is C6 > C3 > C2 (Table IV). This work represents the first report of the oxidation of a small molecular weight alkane (ethane) by a characterized iron model compound. Reactions of this complex with Zn dust and acetic acid under 1 atm of dioxygen with cyclohexane gave rise to only cyclohexanone (turnover number 2.5). The parent tetrameric compound, 6, was reported to be a more efficient catalyst. 

Most of the early work involving microemulsions in supercritical fluids utilized the supercritical alkanes, ethane and propane, with the surfactant AOT. Table 1 gives a summary of the surfactant systems that have been studied in supercritical hydrocarbon solvents. More recently, there has been some success with the formation of... 

Depending upon which nydrogen atom is replaced, any of a number of isomeric products can be formed from a single alkane. Ethane can yield only one halo-ethane propane, /2-butane, and isobutane can yield two isomers each /i-pentane can yield three isomers, and isopentane, four isomers. Experiment has shown that on halogenation an alkane yields a mixture of all possible isomeric products, indicating that all hydrogen atoms are susceptible to replacement. For example, for chlorination ... 

The alkane mixtures provide the prototypical examples of type I type V behavior. Methane + hexane (and higher alkanes), ethane + octadecane, and propane + pentatriacontane are all type V. The upper LL regions of these systems are noteworthy in that the temperature difference between the UCEP and the LCEP seems to monotonically increase with increasing carbon number. Ultimately, this trend must reverse as type III behavior sets in, but no indication of this reversal has been observed experimentally. Mixtures of methane with hexane isomers provide unusual examples of type V phase behavior. Type V behavior is exhibited for all isomers except 2,2-dimethyl butane. Ternary mixtures of methane with the 2,2 and 2,3-isomers provide a rare example of tri-critical behavior. Turning to another example, the type V LLV locus becomes extremely short as the asymmetry of the mixture increases to the point where transition to type III behavior is approached. Ethane + p-dichlorobenzene provides an example of this phenomenon, with an LLV locus extending over a mere 0.6K.[ Such an odd effect may seem to have little practical significance, unless one considers the impact of an unexpected precipitation on a critical pipeline. 

The INS spectra of the normal (unbranched) n-alkanes (n = 5—25)) are discussed in 10.1.2 and [6,7]. The light alkanes, ethane, propane and butane have also been investigated [8,9]. Methane has been extensively studied by tunnelling spectroscopy both in the solid [10] and as an adsorbate e.g. [11-13]. 

W.B. Nelligan, D.J. LePoire, T.O. Brun R. Kleb (1987). J. Chem. Phys., 87, 2447-2456. Inelastic neutron scattering study of the torsional and CCC bend frequencies in the solid n-alkanes, ethane, hexane. 

Ethanol is called an aliphatic alcohol because it is derived from an alkane (ethane). The simplest aliphatic alcohol is methanol, CH3OH. Called wood alcohol, it was prepared at one time by the dry distillation of wood. It is now synthesized industrially by the reaction of carbon monoxide and molecular hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures ... 

Table II.6 demonstrates that the efficiency of oxidation of alkanes into useful products is much higher for propane and -butanc in comparison with light alkanes (ethane and especially methane) f28d. ...

Abstract The block correlated coupled cluster method, with the complete active-space self-consistent-field reference function (CAS-BCCC), has been applied to investigate the bond-breaking potential energy surfaces (PESs) for a C—C bond in two alkanes (ethane and 2,3-dimethyl-butane) and a C=C bond in two alkenes (ethylene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene). The results are compared with those from other multireference methods (CASPT2, MR-CISD, and MR-CISD+Q). It is demonstrated that the CAS-BCCC method can provide more accurate PESs for C—C bond-breaking PESs than CASPT2 and MR-CISD. The overall performance of CAS-BCCC is shown to be comparable to that of MR-CISD-pQ for systems under study. 

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