Ethane nitrile

Exercise 17-1 Other groups in addition to carbonyl groups enhance the acidities of adjacent C-H bonds. For instance, nitromethane, CH3N02, has pKa = 10 ethane-nitrile, CH3CN, has a pKa = 25. Explain why these compounds behave as weak acids. Why is CH3COCH3 a stronger acid than CH3C02CH3 ... 

Synonyms Cyanomethane Ethane nitrile Ethane-nitrile Ethyl nitrile Methanecarbonitrile Methyl cyanide... 

Aldehydes and nitriles may also be named as such when the corresponding acid has a trivial name, e.g., acetaldehyde, benzonitrile. The alternative method is to add -al or -nitrile as sufi x to the hydrocarbon name, giving ethanal (=acetaldehyde) or ethane-nitrile ( = acetonitrile) in this system the C of the OHO or -CN group is included in the name of the parent and not in the suffix, so the system cannot be used when -CHO or is attached directly to a ring system. In the latter type of case -CHO is denoted by carbaldehyde and -CH by carbonitrile, giving, e.g., cyclohexanecarbaldehyde or phenanthrene-2-carbo-nitrile. 

Silyl enol ethers and ketene acetals derived from ketones, aldehydes, esters and lactones are converted into the corresponding o/i-unsaturated derivatives on treatment with allyl carbonates in high yields in the catalytic presence of the palladium-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane complex (32). A phosphinc-free catalyst gives higher selectivity in certain cases, such as those involving ketene acetals. Nitrile solvents, such as acetonitrile, are essential for success. 

In the direct ammoxidation of propane over Fe-zeolite catalysts the product mixture consisted of propene, acrylonitrile (AN), acetonitrile (AcN), and carbon oxides. Traces of methane, ethane, ethene and HCN were also detected with selectivity not exceeding 3%. The catalytic performances of the investigated catalysts are summarized in the Table 1. It must be noted that catalytic activity of MTW and silicalite matrix without iron (Fe concentration is lower than 50 ppm) was negligible. The propane conversion was below 1.5 % and no nitriles were detected. It is clearly seen from the Table 1 that the activity and selectivity of catalysts are influenced not only by the content of iron, but also by the zeolite framework structure. Typically, the Fe-MTW zeolites exhibit higher selectivity to propene (even at higher propane conversion than in the case of Fe-silicalite) and substantially lower selectivity to nitriles (both acrylonitrile and acetonitrile). The Fe-silicalite catalyst exhibits acrylonitrile selectivity 31.5 %, whereas the Fe-MTW catalysts with Fe concentration 1400 and 18900 ppm exhibit, at similar propane conversion, the AN selectivity 19.2 and 15.2 %, respectively. On the other hand, Fe-MTW zeolites exhibit higher AN/AcN ratio in comparison with Fe-silicalite catalyst (see Table 1). Fe-MTW-11500 catalyst reveals rather rare behavior. The concentration of Fe ions in the sample is comparable to Fe-sil-12900 catalyst, as well as... 

The cyclic nitrone 365 reacts with the metal-coordinated nitrile 366 to give the complex 367 from which the bicyclic 2,3-dihydro-l,2,4-oxadiazole 368 was liberated by the use of l,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppe) (Scheme 61) <2003JCD2540>. 

Moreover, the theories of the authors do not account for certain important features of their results that when the ratio [additive]/[AlCl3] is small, both the DP and the conductivity increase with increasing concentration of additive (alcohol, aldehyde, nitrile) and that with butyraldehyde the rate is markedly lower near the equivalence point where the DP is at a maximum, whereas in the alkyl halide-ethane mixtures both the rate and the DP went through a maximum at the same point. In our opinion the major part of these interesting results can be explained in the following terms, which coincide in part with the explanations given by the authors, but differ from theirs in two important respects. 

Dimethyl malonate was reacted with nitriles in boiling 1,2-dichloro-ethane in the presence of SnCl4 for 26-50 min to give white crystalline products, which were treated with aqueous sodium carbonate to afford dimethyl aminomethylenemalonates (312, R = R1 = Me, R2 = Me, Et, Ph, CH=CHPh, CH=CHMe) in 17-57% yields (85TL2603). Earlier di-... 

Nach diesen Vorstellungen erfolgt in der ersten Stufe eine Reduktion von Nitro-ethan mit Ammoniak zu Hydroxylamin, das mit dem Arylaldehyd iiber ein Aldoxim ein Arylnitril bildet. Die weiteren Reaktions-schritte bestehen dann in einer Addition von Hydroxylamin an dieses Nitril zum Carbonsaure-amid-hydroximid, aus dem mit Essigsaure iiber die O-Acetyl-Derivate 1,2,4-Oxadiazole gebildet werden31. 

Als Losungsmitlel kann auch Methanol oder eine Benzol/Methanol-Mischung eingesetzt werden. Aceto-nitril, Tetrahydrofuran und 1,2-Dimethoxy-ethan sind dagegen ungeeignet. 

Of the remaining materials in Table IV, only Viton, neoprene rubber latex,poly(vinyl alcohol), butyl rubber, and butyl-coated nylon exhibited at least a 20-min breakthrough time forl,2 dichloro-ethane permeation to occur. The nitrile rubber latex, cement dipped nitrile rubber, polyethylene (medium density), and surgical rubber latex were all penetrated by 1,2-dichloroethane in less than 3 min and would be of little use in situations requiring the garment to be in constant contact with 1,2-dichloroethane. From the above, butyl rubber or Viton appear to be the best materials to protect the worker against 1,2-dichloroethane, but because of apparent lot-to-lot variations(20) in butyl properties, Viton appears to be the best suited material of these studies to protect the worker from this chemical. 

You can use diisobutylaluminum hydride to reduce both esters and nitriles to aldehydes. Typical examples are the reduction of ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) and ethanenitrile (acetonitrile) to ethanal (acetaldehyde). 

Photodissociation of HCN yields CN radicals, which can further react with methane (equations 8.20-8.21). Reaction of CN radicals with ethane and ethine yields corresponding unsaturated nitriles (equations 8.22-8.23) [14],... 

Nitrile addieren iiberschiissige Phosphorigsaure-diester in Gegenwart von aquimolaren Mengen Chlorwasserstoff zu l-Amino-ethan-l,l-diphosphonsaure-tetraestern bei -2° innerhalb einiger Woehen zu 60%343 z.B. ... 

Natriumenolate sind der Reaktion ebenfalls zuganglich. So erhalt man beispielsweise aus Ethan-thiophosphonsaure-chlorid-O-ethylester und dem Natriumsalz des 3-Oxo-bern-steinsaure-4-methylester-l-nitrils den Ethan-thiophosphonsaure-0-(2-cyan-l-methoxy-carbonyl-vinylester)-0-ethylester (67% Sdp. 13570,01 Torr/1,3 Pa)792 ... 

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