Metals estuaries

About half of the dissolved organic carbon may appear in humic or fulvic acids. These are high-molecular weight organic compounds of a composition which is somewhat uncertain. They contain aromatic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which have the ability to bind to metal ions. Rivers and estuaries typically contain 10 mg/liter of acid with an exchange capacity of 5-10 mmol/g, mainly due to carboxylic... 

Koehnken, L. (1990). The composition of fine-grained weathering products in a large tropical river system, and the transport of metals in fine-grained sediments in a temperate estuary, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences. 

In this section, an overview of the net transport of metals through rivers, estuaries, and the oceans provides an example of how these chemical and physical forces interact. 

The ultimate result is that not only Fe, but most metals that interact strongly with organic matter or oxide adsorbents, are likely to settle out of the water column in estuaries. Not only does this process reduce the metal flux reaching the ocean, but 50% of the time the current at the bottom of an estuary actually facilitates the movement of metals upstream. 

Fianko JR, Osae S, Adomako D, Adotey DK, Serfor-Armah Y (2007) Assessment of heavy metal pollution of the iture estuary in the central region of Ghana. Environ Monit Assess 131 467... 

Burger J, Gochfeld M. 1988. Metals in tern eggs in a New Jersey estuary a decade of change. Environ Monit Assess 11 127-135. 

Batley [28] examined the techniques available for the in situ electrodeposition of lead and cadmium in estuary water. These included anodic stripping voltammetry at a glass carbon thin film electrode and the hanging drop mercury electrode in the presence of oxygen and in situ electrodeposition on mercury coated graphite tubes. Batley [28] found that in situ deposition of lead and cadmium on a mercury coated tube was the more versatile technique. The mercury film, deposited in the laboratory, is stable on the dried tubes which are used later for field electrodeposition. The deposited metals were then determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, Hasle and Abdullah [29] used differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in speciation studies on dissolved copper, lead, and cadmium in coastal sea water. 

Burgess RM, Terletskaya AV, Milyukin MV et al (2009) Concentration and distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants and metals in the estuaries of Ukraine. Mar Pollut Bull 58 1103-1115... 

Bryan, G.W. and L.G. Hummerstone. 1978. Heavy metals in the burrowing bivalve Scrobicularia plana from contaminated and uncontaminated estuaries. Jour. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 58 401-419. 

Butterworth, J., P. Lester, and G. Nickless. 1972. Distribution of heavy metals in the Severn Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 3 72-74. 

Hardisty, M.W., S. Kartar, and M. Sainsbury. 1974. Dietary habits and heavy metal concentrations in fish from the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 5 61-63. 

Turner, J.C., S.R.B. Solly, J.C.M. Mol-Krijnen, and V. Shanks. 1978. Organochlorine, fluorine, and heavy metal levels in some birds from New Zealand estuaries. N.Z. Jour. Sci. 21 99-102. 

Watling, H.R. and R.J. Watling. 1976. Trace metals in oysters from Knysna Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 7 45-48. 

Bordin, G., J. McCourt, and A. Rodriguez. 1994. Trace metals in the marine bivalve Macoma balthica in the Westerschelde estuary, the Netherlands. Part 2 intracellular partitioning of copper, cadmium, zinc and iron — variations of the cytoplasmic metal concentrations in natural and in vitro contaminated clams. Sci. Total Environ. 151 113-124. 

Bryan, G.W. and W.J. Langston. 1992. Bioavailability, accumulation and effects of heavy metals in sediments with special reference to United Kingdom estuaries a review. Environ. Pollut. 76 89-131. 

Ozoh, P.T.E. 1992c. The importance of adult Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor in managing heavy metal pollution in shores and estuaries. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 21 165-171. 

Jiann, K.T. and B.J. Presley. 1997. Variations in trace metal concentrations in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from Galveston Bay, Texas. Estuaries 20 710-724. 

Saiz-Salinas, J.I., J.M. Ruiz, and G. Frances-Zubillaga. 1996. Heavy metal levels in intertidal sediments and biota from the Bidasoa estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 32 69-71. 

Scoullos, M., M. Dassenakis, and C. Zeri. 1996. Trace metal behaviour during summer in a stratified Mediterranean system the Louros estuary (Greece). Water Air Soil Pollut. 88 269-295. 

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