Estrogenic substances

Common Name Zearalanol, tetrahydro F.E.S. (fermentation estrogenic substance) Structural Formula ... 

Rrishnan, A.V., Stathis, P., and Permuth, S.F. et al. (1993). Bisphenol-a—an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during antoclaving. Endocrinology 132, 2279-2286. 

Zacharewski, T. (1997). In vitro bioassays for assessing estrogenic substances. Environmental Science and Technology 31, 613-623. 

Freshwater environments in The Netherlands have been locations of a recent large survey on estrogenic substances, including APEO... 

Bounds, D. and Pope, G. S. (1960). Light-absorption and chemical properties of mire-s trol, the estrogenic substance of Pueraria mirafica. Journal of the Chemical Society 3696-3705. 

Ferrando, R., M. M. Guilleux, and A. Guerrillot-Venet. Oestrogen content of plants as a function of conditions of culture. Nature 1961 192 1205. Ahmad, Y. S. A note of the plants of the medicinal value found in Pakistan. Govt of Pakistan Press, Karachi 1957. Walker, B. S., and J. C. Janney. Estrogenic substances. II. An analysis of plant sources. Endocrinology... 

Matsuoka S., M. Kikuchi, S. Kimura, Y. Kurokawa, and S. Kawai (2005). Determination of estrogenic substances in the water of Muko river using in vitro assays, and the degradation of natural estrogens by aquatic bacteria. Journal of Health Science 51 178-184. 

One of the most prolific natural sources of estrogenic substances is the stallion, which liberates more of these hormones than the pregnant mare or pregnant woman. The equine estrogens—equilenin and equilin—and their congeners are unsaturated in the as well as the A ring and are excreted in large quantities in urine, from which they can be recovered and used for medicinal purposes. 

Female Hormones. Closely related 10 the male androgenic hormones, and probably synthesized from them in the female organism, are the estrogenic hormones which are produced principally in the ovary. Although / -estradiol is die normally secreted ovarian hormone, a number or ulher estrogenic substances have been isolated from urine and from animal studies. They include o-cstradiol. esiriol, and estrone. The structures of these hormones are given in Fig. 2. 

Synthetic conjugated estrogens A (a blend of nine synthetic estrogenic substances) 0.3, 0.45, 0.625, 0.9, 1.25 mg Tablet Estrogen replacement therapy... 

Analyses in biochemistry and medical diagnostics are of primary concern because even trace amounts of certain substances can have a big impact on the overall health of living organisms. Of particular importance is detection and identification of carcinogenic and estrogenic substances (being a main cause of... 

Several assays, such as the ultra-sensitive luminescent ELRA developed by Seifert (2004) with a detection limit of 20 ng L-1 for 17 (3-estradiol, have been reported in the literature. Although these assays are simple to use, many factors, such as differences in culture conditions, cell density or cell-line clones, affect the potency of estrogenic substances, and that makes the standardization of these methods difficult. The induction of several proteins or enzyme activities (e.g. the increasing levels of alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin D, prolactin and vitellogenin as a consequence of progestogens) has also been used to study estrogenicity. However, expression of these proteins or enzyme activities is restricted to specific cell lines and cannot be extrapolated to other tissues or species. 

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