Estradiol/estrone

Effective removal of the estrogens 17 3-estradiol, estrone, and 17a-ethynylestradiol has been achieved using ozone under conditions that simulated those used for water treatment (Deborde et al. 2005). Analysis of the products showed the occurrence of two reactions ... 

Johnson AC, Williams RJ (2004) A model to estimate influent and effluent concentrations of estradiol, estrone, and ethinylestradiol at sewage treatment works. Environ Sci Technol 38 3649-3658... 

An example of a TIE approach is that described by Desbrow et al. [7]. In this work, the endocrine disrupting activity detected in effluents of seven UK WWTPs by means of a yeast-based screening assay [52] was mainly attributed to the presence of estradiol, estrone, and ethynylestradiol. However, to assess the estrogenic activity different bioassays may be used, e.g., the yeast-based recombinant estrogen receptor-reporter assay (YES), the MCF-7 cell proliferation (E-screen), and the estrogen receptor-mediated chemically activated... 

Reifenstein and Dempseyl9 using Talbot s colorimetric method found the urinary "estrone" to vary from 10 to 39 ig. per day in 5 normal women and from 27 to 40 ig. per day for 5 normal men. Attention was not paid to the question of whether the observed differences were primarily inter-individual. In another study20 involving 3 men and 2 women, Pincus found about a 12-fold variation between the two women. One woman excreted over a period of several days estradiol + estrone + estriol to the extent of 155.2 ig. per day for the other woman and the 3 men, the corresponding values were respectively 13.4 ig., 12.4 ig., 7.6 ig. and 16.8 ig. 

Estrogens (ovary) Steroids (estradiol, estrone) Maturation and function of secondary sex j organs... 

However, in 12 patients who took letrozole 2.5 mg/day for 6 weeks with and without tamoxifen 20 mg/day plasma concentrations of letrozole were reduced by 38% during combination therapy (39). Tamoxifen did not significantly alter the effect of letrozole in suppressing estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate. The authors suggested that sequential therapy might be preferable with these two drugs. 

OH-estradiol, 4-OH-estradiol, estrone, dihydrotestosterone, trans-retinoic acid, 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid, hyocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic, testosterone, LTB4... 

Estriol, hydrocortisone, estradiol, estrone, testosterone, 17-a-methyltestosterone, 4-pregnen-20a-ol-3 -one, progesterone Zorbax ODS, 1.8 pm Acetonitrile-0.8 vaM sodium tetraborate, 5 mM SDS (80 20) 320 mm x 50 pm i.d. 240 mm packed length... 

It is important to investigate the bioconcentration potential of natural hormones, such as 17 -estradiol, estrone (using or tritium labeled compounds) and synthetic hormones (e.g., mestranol, diethylstilbestrol etc.). However, the concentration in the water should be at environmental relevant concentrations (< 10 ng 1 ). 

Ferguson et al. [16] developed a method, based on immunoaffinity extraction coupled to LC-ESI-MS, for the determination of P-estradiol, estrone, and oc-ethinyl estradiol in wastewater. The immunoaffinity extraction not only removed interfering sample matrix components, but also lowered the isobaric noise in SIM traces. Detection limits in the range of 0.07-0.18 ng/1 were achieved with recoveries better than 90% and a precision better than 5%. 

Isobe et al. [20] extended the seope by analysing both estrogens like estradiol, estrone, and estriol, and their sulfate and glucuronide eonjugates in river water, lake water, and STP samples. SPE in eombination with negative-ion LC-ESl-MS-MS in SRM mode was used. Method deteetion limits between 0.1 and 3.1 ng/1 were reported. While the free steroids and some of the sulfates were deteeted in environmental samples, most of the eonjugates were below the deteetion hmit. 

Natural estrogens (17/i-estradiol, estrone, QTc interval prolongation Gender differences in... 

Androgens and estrogens are two steroidal hormones that regulate a variety of reproductive and other characteristics. Androgens include testosterone and androsterone and initiate male sexual development. Estrogens include estradiol, estrone, and estriol which are important in the development of female sex characteristics and in regulating female receptiveness and reproduction. 

The best method for urinary estrogens of clinical importance is that devised by Brown (B20, B21). This depends on the modification of the Kober-Ittrich color reaction to provide an extremely sensitive fluorescence reaction (see also S2). Acid hydrolysis (15 minutes) is followed by either extraction (2X1 volume) evaporation to dryness a partition between petroleum ether-benzene and water (estriol) and 1.6% NaOH (estradiol, estrone). The two solutions are methylated (10 minutes) and extracted with ether the ether is evaporated, and the residues are run on alumina columns. In the original procedure the less specific and sensitive form of the Kober reaction required more extensive purification one technician could complete four estimations in 1.5-2 days. The new procedure enables four determinations to be made every 5-6 hours. An ultrarapid version of this method for specialized obstetric use has been devised by Gemzell and his group and will be published shortly. By this method, twelve samples can be measured in 3 hours by one technician. 

Eollowing oral administration, at least 75% of a dose of estramustine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly dephosphorylated. Estramustine is found in the body mainly as its oxidized 17-keto analog isomer, estro-mustine both forms accumulate in the prostate. Some hydrolysis of the carbamate linkage occurs in the liver, releasing estradiol, estrone, and the normustine group. Estramustine and estromustine have plasma half-lives of... 

Extracted aldosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, estradiol, estrone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, pregnenolone... 

Esteban, N.V. Yergey, A.L. Liberate, D.J. Lougfalin, T. Loriaux, D.L. Stable isotope dilution method using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for quantification of daily cortisol production in humans. Biomed.Environ.Mass.Spectrom., 1988, 15, 603-608 [thermospray LC-MS] Sheikh, S.U. Touchstone, J. HPLC of steroids in non-aqueous mobfle phase at subambient temperature. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1987, 10, 2489-2496 [column temp -50 simultaneous cortisone, desoxycorticos-terone, estradiol, estrone]... 

Unfortunately, a third of hormone-dependent tumors do not respond to tamoxifen and another third acquire resistance. In order to overcome these deficiencies, several platinum complexes derived from estradiol, estrone, or the synthetic estrogen hexestrol were prepared as estradiol receptors. These compounds proved to be similar in activity to... 

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