Ester wood esters

Cotton linters or wood pulp are nitrated using mixed acid followed by treatment with hot acidified water, pulping, neutralization, and washing. The finished product is blended for uniformity to a required nitrogen content. The controlling factors in the nitration process are the rates of diffusion of the acid into the fibers and of water out of the fibers, the composition of mixed acid, and the temperature (see Cellulose esters, inorganic esters). 

SYNS ABIETIC ACID, METHYL ESTER METHYL ESTER of WOOD ROSIN METHYL ESTER of WOOD ROSIN, partially hydrogenated (FCQ... 

Nitrate esters Wood meal KCI NH4CI Stearates... 

Synonyms cas 127-25-3 abietic acid, methyl ester methyl ester of wood rosin methyl ester of wood... 

Synonyms Abietic acid methyl ester Methyl [1 R-( 1 a,4ap,4ba, 10aa)]-1,2,3,4,41,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-1-phenanthrenecarboxylate Methyl ester of wood rosin 1-Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, methyl ester, [1R-(1 a,4ap,4ba, 10aa)]- Podocarpa-7,13-dien-15-oic acid, 13-isopropyl-, methyl ester Wood rosin, methyl ester Definition Commercial prod, is a mixt. of methyl esters of the rosin acids Empirical C21H32O2 Formula C19H29COOCH3 Properties Colorless to yel. thick liq., odorless misc. with alcohol, ether, common org. soivs., aliphatic hydrocarbons insol. in water m.w. 316.47 dens. 1.03 b.p. 360-365 C (dec.) flash pt. (COC) 180 C ref. index 1.53 (20 C)... 

Following precipitation of the reaction mixture into water, the dissolved wood esters can be recovered in powder form with a color virtually identical to the original steam exploded and water-washed fibrous mulch. The catalyst thereby co-precipitates forming an ash (Ti02)-containing polyester mixture. 

The thermal properties of the regenerated wood ester product reveal a single glass transition temperature (Tg) (Fig. 4) which varies with both degree of substitution (DS) (i.e., reaction-time) (Fig. 5) and (to a lesser extent) lignin... 

This suggests that cellulose esters may be manufactured following a simplified esterification protocol in which steam exploded fibers are subjected to chemical modification followed by an optional separation of lignin at the end of the esterification procedure (Figure 8). The protocol is capable of generating an impure wood ester product with engineerable thermoplastic properties, or it may conversely be used to prepare a pure cellulose ester product, cleanly separated from a lignin ester polymer by appropriate solvent precipitation. 

The separation of lignin esters from cellulose esters for use in thermoplastics may not always be necessary. In circumstmices where color and clarity are unessential, and where high modulus is desirable, thermoplastic wood esters with significant phase compatibility may be employed as virtually uniform polymeric material (32,40). The positive interaction between lignin and cellulose, which is surprising in the face of the recognized substantial chemical differences, has been pointed out in previous research (5 and references cited therein). 

Chemical modification can become a part of the overall isolation/separation protocol. Steam exploded biomass can be esterified heterogeneously to produce uniform regenerated wood esters or individual (separated) cellulose ester and lignin ester polymers. 

Aqueous emulsions of polymeric compounds, e.g., homopolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, vinyl acetate copoljmiers with ethylene or maleic esters polyacrylic esters, styrene copolymers. Uses paper, wood, also bonding to plastics. 

Ester hydrolysis in base is called saponification, which means soap making Over 2000 years ago the Phoenicians made soap by heating animal fat with wood ashes Animal fat is rich m glycerol triesters and wood ashes are a source of potassium car bonate Basic hydrolysis of the fats produced a mixture of long chain carboxylic acids as their potassium salts... 

Saponification (Section 20 11) Hydrolysis of esters in basic solution The products are an alcohol and a carboxylate salt The term means soap making and denves from the process whereby animal fats were converted to soap by heating with wood ashes... 

The polymers of the 2-cyanoacryhc esters, more commonly known as the alkyl 2-cyaiioacrylates, are hard glassy resins that exhibit excellent adhesion to a wide variety of materials. The polymers are spontaneously formed when their Hquid precursors or monomers are placed between two closely fitting surfaces. The spontaneous polymerisation of these very reactive Hquids and the excellent adhesion properties of the cured resins combine to make these compounds a unique class of single-component, ambient-temperature-curing adhesives of great versatiUty. The materials that can be bonded mn the gamut from metals, plastics, most elastomers, fabrics, and woods to many ceramics. 

Cellulosics. CeUulosic adhesives are obtained by modification of cellulose [9004-34-6] (qv) which comes from cotton linters and wood pulp. Cellulose can be nitrated to provide cellulose nitrate [9004-70-0] which is soluble in organic solvents. When cellulose nitrate is dissolved in amyl acetate [628-63-7] for example, a general purpose solvent-based adhesive which is both waterproof and flexible is formed. Cellulose esterification leads to materials such as cellulose acetate [9004-35-7], which has been used as a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape backing. Cellulose can also be ethoxylated, providing hydroxyethylceUulose which is useful as a thickening agent for poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion adhesives. Etherification leads to materials such as methylceUulose [9004-67-5] which are soluble in water and can be modified with glyceral [56-81-5] to produce adhesives used as wallpaper paste (see Cellulose esters Cellulose ethers). 

Bois de Rose. Bois de rose oil is obtained by steam distillation of wood chips from South American rosewood trees, Aniba rosaeodora. The tree, a wild evergreen, grows mainly in the Amazon basin. The oil is used as obtained in perfumery for its sweet, woody-floral odor and as a source of linalool [78-70-6] (3), which it contains to the extent of 70%. Linalool distilled from bois de rose oil is also used directly in perfumery and for conversion to esters, eg, the acetate (1). 

Wood also contains 3—10% of extraceUulat, low molecular weight constituents, many of which can be extracted from the wood using neutral solvents and therefore ate commonly caUed extractives. These include the food reserves, the fats and their esters in parenchyma ceUs, the terpenes and resin acids in epitheUal ceUs and resin ducts, and phenoUc materials in the heartwood. Resin materials occur in the vessels of some hardwood heartwood. 

Salts of neodecanoic acid have been used in the preparation of supported catalysts, such as silver neodecanoate for the preparation of ethylene oxide catalysts (119), and the nickel soap in the preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst (120). Metal neodecanoates, such as magnesium, lead, calcium, and zinc, are used to improve the adherence of plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) sheet to safety glass in car windshields (121). Platinum complexes using neodecanoic acid have been studied for antitumor activity (122). Neodecanoic acid and its esters are used in cosmetics as emoUients, emulsifiers, and solubilizers (77,123,124). Zinc or copper salts of neoacids are used as preservatives for wood (125). 

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