Ester saponins

B Solidago species contain ester saponins (Virgaurea saponin). Alkaline hydrolysis of the methanolic extract and detection with AS reagent yields five to six blue-violet zones (e.g. polygalic add) in the R, range 0.4-0.9. 

Fig. 1 This solvent system and the AS reagent are suitable for the separation and the detection of triterpene-saponins, e.g. senegins in Senegae radix (1), as well as steroid (ester) saponins, e.g. Smilax saponins in Sarsaparillae radix (2).

Fig. 3 Hippocastani semen (1) The complex triterpene ester saponin mixture aescin (Tl) A generates a main blue-violet zone at Rj Q.d-S. A prominent zone at R, 0.2 is due to glucose.

Fig. 8A Centellae herba (2) is characterized by the ester saponins asiaticoside (T2) and made-cassoside", a mixture of asiaticoside A and 13 (T3) seen as brown-violet to violet zones in the R, range 0.2-0.35 and the blue aglycone zone at R, — 0.85.

Ncte The ester saponins show only very weak hemolytic activity. 

Quillaia bark or soapbark is derived from the tree Quillaja saponaria (Rosaceae) and other Quillaja species found in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The bark contains up to 10% saponins, a mixture known as commercial saponin , which is used for its detergent properties. Quillaia s surfactant properties are occasionally exploited in pharmaceutical preparations where it is used in the form of quillaia tincture as an emulsifying agent, particularly for fats, tars, and volatile oils. The bark contains a mixture of saponins which on hydrolysis liberates quillaic acid (Figure 5.62) as the aglycone, together with sugars, uronic acids, and acids from ester functions. 

O Neill, F.H., Sanders, T. A. B., and Thompson, G.R. 2005. Comparison of efficacy of plant stanol ester and sterol ester Short-term and longer-term studies. Am. J. Cardiol. 96(Suppl.), 29D-36D. Oakenfull, D.G. 1986. Aggregation of saponins and bile acids in aqueous solution. Aust. J. Chem. 39, 1671-1683. 

Calcitonin Various saponins, bile salts, fatty acids, sucrose esters, sodium lauryl sulfate Various bile salts... 

Acetoxyacid esters, hydrolysis, Candida utills, 51-54 2-Acetylthiazolidine, recovery efficiency, 72 Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of saponins, 15,19 Alcohols... 

The isolated triterpenoid saponins were found to be either of the saikosaponin type or the oleanolic acid type. Ten triterpenoid saponins were monodesmosidic, with a sugar chain at the C-3 position of the aglycone. A bidesmosidic saponin (sandrosaponin IX) showed sugar chains at C-3 (ether linkage) and also at C-28 (ester linkage). 

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