Esophageal stenosis

Indications Plum pit qi. Neurotic esophageal stenosis, globus hystericus, gastrointestinal neurosis, chronic laryngitis, tracheitis, neurasthenia, morning sickness, bronchitis, hysteria, neurosis, recurrent palpitations, asthma, pertussis, toxemia during pregnancy, and edema... 

Contraindicated in bowel obstruction, esophageal stenosis, and abnormal intestinal narrowing (Bradley 1992 Brinker 2001 Wichtl 2004). 

Complications 89 Congenital Esophageal Stenosis 90 Esophageal Duplication 91 Esophageal Bronchus 91 Vascular Ring Abnormalities 93 Hiatal Hernia 94... 

Fig. 2.13. Congenital esophageal stenosis. Barium swallow reveals a discrete annular narrowing in the distal esophagus. Tracheobronchial rests were found at pathology...

Amae S, Nio M, Kamiyama T (2003) Clinical characteristics and management of congenital esophageal stenosis a report on 14 cases. I Pediatr Surg 38 565-570... 

Murphy SG, Yazbeck S, Russo P (1995) Isolated congenital esophageal stenosis. J Pediatr Surg 30 1238-1241 Nelson SP, Chen EH, Syniar CM, Christoffel KK (1997) Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during infancy a pediatric practice-based survey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151 569-572... 

Vasudevan SA, Kerendi F, Lee H, Ricketts RR (2002) Management of congenital esophageal stenosis. J Pediatr Surg 37 1024-1026... 

There is a very high incidence of other associated anomalies with esophageal stenosis, such as a leftsided diaphragmatic hernia (Sharma and Menon... 

Fig. 3.16. a CGDC stomach. Antral narrowing in a 7-year-old with CGDC. b Mid-esophageal stenosis caused by enlarged lymph nodes in CGDC... 

Sharma SC, Menon P (2005) Congenital microgastria with esophageal stenosis and diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 21 292-294... 

Naehrlich L, Lang T, Schamberger U, Behrens R (2000) Balloon dilation of an esophageal stenosis in a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Pediatr Dermatol 17 477-479... 

Wang, J., and Zhou, S. (2012) A shape memory stent of poly(e-caprolactone-co-DL-lactide) copolymer for potential treatment of esophageal stenosis. J. 

Gl Tract Esophageal web stricture or stenosis in the upper to middle third of the esophagus01 Exocrine Pancreatic insufficiency Anorexia Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Weight loss Failure to thrive (infants and children)... 

A rare but potentially serious skin reaction to penicillamine is cicatricial pemphigoid (312,313). These patients can have symblepharon and entropion of the eyes, ulcers in the mouth, and blistering lesions on the trunk, extremities, and perineum (314). Involvement of the esophageal or vaginal epithelium can cause stenosis. 

Birth defects associated with the nse of thalidomide during the first trimester inclnde phocomelia, dnodenal stenosis, esophageal fistula, neural tube defects, microphthalmia, deformities of the pinnae of the ears, and mid-line hemangiomas (118). A simple nevus extending from the forehead over the nose down to the upper Up is a characteristic feature. Before the introduction of thalidomide, phocomelia was a rare malformation (119). 

Fig. 2.29a-c. Balloon dilation of an esophageal stricture, a Severe stenosis of the proximal esophagus 3 months after repair, b Dilatation balloon expanded across the narrowing, no extravasation, c Post-dilatation appearance... 

H-type tradieo-esophageal fistula. The differential diagnosis for the double-bubble should include duodenal stenosis and annular pancreas (Rathaus et al. 1992 Poki et al. 2005). 

Fig. 7.1. a A 2-month-old boy with a history of esophageal atresia. Post-operatively a stricture developed at the level of the anastomosis. Dilatation with a 7-mm balloon shows a clear waist in the balloon at the level of the stenosis, b The balloon is fully inflated and the stenosis is no longer visible... 

Rare complications as have been reported in literature are aortic and bronchial necrosis [58], bronchial stenosis [59], unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis [60], pulmonary infarction (especially in patients who have suffered pulmonary artery embolism), left main bronchial-esophageal fistula [61], and non-target embolization (colon, coronary and cerebral circulation) [62]. Especially the newer spherical embolic materials (tris-acryl gelatin) can traverse from the bronchial into the pulmonary circulation, and then through unoccluded pulmonary arteriovenous malformations into the systemic circulation [41]. 

Esophagus Prevention of stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection of esophageal cancer Barrett s esophagus Oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet [22] Tokyo Women s Medical University (Japan) Karolinska Institute (Sweden) Started in April 2008 Started in April 2012... 

Nomori H, Horio H, Imazu Y, Suemasu K (2000) Double stenting for esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses. Ann Thorac Surg 70 1803 1807 Noppen M, Dhase J, Meysman M et al. (1996) A new screw-thread tracheal endoprosthesis. J Bronchol 3 22-26 Noppen M, Meysman M, Claes I et al. (1999) Screw-thread vs Dumon endoprosthesis in the management of tracheal stenosis. Chest 115 532-535... 

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