Escherichia coli prevalence

Hancock D D, Rice D H, Herriott D E, Besser T E, Ebel E D and Carpenter L V (1997), Effect of farm manure-handling practices on Escherichia coli 0157H7 prevalence in cattle , Journal of Food Protection, 60, 363-366. 

To understand the role of antibiotics, it is important to understand their effects on the fecal flora. The normal flora consists of a complex bacterial population with 400-500 distinct species of bacteria (table 2a). More than 99% of the total organisms are accounted for by non-sporeforming anaerobic rods [28] the four major species are Bacteroides, bifidobacteria, eubacteria and peptostrepto-cocci [29], Other common species are Escherichia coli, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus salivarius and lacto-bacilli. Mette et al. [30] clarified the prevalence of species in fecal flora by listing the four most common anaerobes Bacteroides spp., Eubacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and anaerobic cocci) and three common aerobes E. coli spp., Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp.) (table 2b). 

Cohen, M. B., Nataro, J. P., Bernstein, D. 1., Flawkins, J., Roberts, N., and Staat, M. A. (2005). Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in acute childhood enteritis A prospective controlled study. /. Pediatr. 146, 54 61. 

Ilic, S., Odomeru, J., and Lejeune, J. T. (2008). Coliforms and prevalence of Escherichia coli and foodborne pathogens on minimally processed spinach in two packing plants. ]. Food Prot 71, 2398-2403. 

Wachtel, M. R., Whiteland, L. C., and Mandrell, R..E. (2002). Prevalence of Escherichia coli associated with a cabbage crop inadvertently irrigated with partially treated sewage wastewater. J. Food Prot. 65,471 75. 

Darfefeuille-Michaud, A., Boudeau, J., Bulois, P., Neut, C., Glasser, A. L., Barnich, N., Bringer, M. A., Swidsinski, A., Beaugerie, L., and Colombel, F. (2004). High prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli associated with ileal mucosa in Crohn s disease. Gastroenterology 127(2), 412-421. 

Lundrigan, M.D., R.M. Webb, Prevalence of ompT among Escherichia coli isolates of human origin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992, 76, 51-56. 

Alam, M. J. and Zurek, L. (2006). Seasonal prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in beef cattle feces. /. Food Prot. 69,3018-3020. 

Arthur, T. M., Bosilevac, J. M., Nou, X., Shackelford, S. D., Wheeler, T. L., Kent, M. P., Jaroni, D., Pauling, B., Allen, D. M., and Koohmaraie, M. (2004). Escherichia coli 0157 prevalence and enumeration of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli 0157 at various steps in commercial beef processing plants. J. Food Prot. 67,658-665. 

Elder, R. O., Keen, J. E., Siragusa, G. R., Barkocy-Gallagher, G. A., Koohmaraie, M., and Laegreid, W. W. (2000). Correlation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcasses of beef cattle during processing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2999-3003. 

Jacob, M. E., Fox, J. T., Drouillard, J. S., Renter, D. G., and Nagaraja, T. G. (2009b). Evaluation of feeding dried distiller s grains with solubles and dry-rolled corn on the fecal prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 and Salmonella spp. in cattle. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6,145-153. 

Kuhnert, P., Dubosson, C. R., Roesch, M., Homfeld, E., Doherr, M. G., and Blum, J. W. (2005). Prevalence and risk-factor analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in faecal samples of organically and conventionally farmed dairy cattle. Vet. Microbiol. 109, 37-45. 

Omisakin, F., MacRae, M., Ogden, I. D., and Strachan, N. J. C. (2003). Concentration and prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157 in cattle feces at slaughter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 2444-2447. 

Smith, D., Blackford, M., Younts, S., Moxley, R., Gray, J., Hungerford, L., Milton, T., and Klopfenstein, T. (2001). Ecological relationships between the prevalence of cattle shedding Escherichia coli 0157 H7 and characteristics of the cattle or conditions of the feedlot pen. /. Food Prot. 64,1899-1903. 

Stephens, T. P., Loneragan, G. H., Chichester, L. M., and Brashears, M. M. (2007a). Prevalence and enumeration of Escherichia coli 0157 in steers receiving various strains of Lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbials. J. Food Prot. 70, 1252-1255. 

Van Donkersgoed, J., Graham, T., and Gannon, V. (1999). The prevalence of verotoxrn, Escherichia coli 0157 H7, and Salmonella in the feces and rumen of cattle at processing. 

Wells, J. E., Berry, E. D., and Varel, V. H. (2006). Effects of essential oils on viability of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in treated beef cattle manure slurries and on prevalence from treated feedlot surfaces. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1), 356-357. 

The study was conducted at the North Carolina State University Department of Food Science. The films were inoculated with Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli separately as well as together as a sandwich. While no growth was detected underneath the films, the problem of the bacterial solution running off the film onto the agar was quite prevalent with some growth detected on the edges of the films except the PLA and the PLA/CH plates. 

The colonic microflora contain up to 400 different species of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The most prevalent anaerobes are Bacteroides sp. and Bifidobacterium whilst the most numerous aerobes are Escherichia coli, enterococci and Lactobacillus. 

---