Farm manure

Digested sludge has been said to be somewhat comparable to farm manure in its content of fertilizer constituents, their relative availability and the physical nature of the material. 

Hancock D D, Rice D H, Herriott D E, Besser T E, Ebel E D and Carpenter L V (1997), Effect of farm manure-handling practices on Escherichia coli 0157H7 prevalence in cattle , Journal of Food Protection, 60, 363-366. 

Hutchison, M. L., Walters, L. D., Avery, S. M., and Moore, A. (2005). Analyses of livestock production, waste storage, and pathogen levels and prevalences in farm manures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 71,1231-1236. 

Nicholson, F., Chambers, B., Hutchinson, M., Moore, T., Nicholson, N. and Hickman, G. 2002. Farm manures assessing and managing the risks of pathogen transfer into the food chain. In 7th European Biosolids and Organic Residual Conference, Wakefield, UK. 

Lund, B. M. 2002. Managing Farm Manures for Food Safety. Institute of Food Research,... 

Residues. Residues from the forest such as twigs, from the agricultural industry, from wood processing (wood dust), as well as from animal farming (manure) are good examples of residue biomass. 

Only organic fertilizers can be used in organic farming. To make sure that the nitrogen is available to the plants at the time of greatest need, it is important to take into account the time needed to convert the nitrogen to a form that is available to the plant (speed of action). The speed of action depends on the fertilizer, the soil conditions and the weather. Farm manures can also be used, except for blueberries. Only 10% of the total nitrogen in compost and 50% of that in cattle manure can be included in the nutrient balance in the first year. In the case of other nutrients, 100% is included. 

Field experiments conducted at Rothamsted, England (Russell, 1950) show recoveries in the crop of about 50% of the nitrogen added as ammonium sulfate and 30% of that added as farm manure. Most of the remainder was apparently lost in the drainage waters. 

Semotan (1962), in his discussion of the reclamation of the spoils from brownstrip-mines of Czechoslovakia, emphasized the importance of using the right technology of strip mining, including the selection of soil materials that will, when placed on the top of the spoil, serve as satisfactory subsoil and topsoil ingredients. The next step is to get humus into these soil materials. Since the addition of crop residues is a very slow method of building up humus, he recommended the addition of farm manures, fertilizers, moor-... 

Farm manures, sewage sludges, domestic composts—heavy metals, viruses, pathogens, organic pollutants... 

Antibiotics have been and still are extensively used in animal farms and fish farming for disease control and sometimes also for growth promotion. Once administered to animals or fishes, the antibiotic or its metabolites—which may also have antimicrobial properties—can be present in urine and/or feces and thereby reach the environment. The use of farm manure and fishpond sediment as organic fertilizers has a long history in agriculture. 

How many metric tons of farm manure are equivalent to 100 kg of 10-5-10 fertilizer ... 

---