Escherichia coli infections antibiotics

C2H5OH). C. is a broad-spectrum antibiotic isolated from Actinoplanes jinanensis. In China C. is used to treat Escherichia coli infections, the activity seems to be based on inhibition of tryptophan biosynthesis. Lit. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42, 271 -276 (1994) (synthesis) J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1992, 323 ff. Sci. Sinica Engl. Ed. 20, 106 (1977) Tetrahedron Asymmetry 8,2295 (1997) (synthesis) Tetrahedron Lett. 34,489 (1993) (synthesis) 38, 1805 (1997) [synthesis ( )-C.V- [CAS63339-68-4]... 

Smith HW, Huggins MB (1982) Successful treatment of experimental Escherichia coli infections in mice using phage its general superiority over antibiotics. J Gen Microbiol 128 307-318... 

Empiric antibiotic therapy is an appropriate approach to traveler s diarrhea. Eradication of the causal microbe depends on the etiologic agent and its antibiotic sensitivity. Most cases of traveler s diarrhea and other community-acquired infections result from enterotoxigenic (ETEC) or enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli. Routine stool cultures do not identify these strains primary empiric antibiotic choices include fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin. Azithromycin may be a feasible option when fluoroquinolone resistance is encountered. 

Perfetto EM, Gondek EK. Escherichia coli resistance in uncomplicated urinary tract infection a model for determining when to change first-line empirical antibiotic choice. Manag Care Interface 2002 6 35M2. 

Most infections are caused by gram-negative bacteria, mostly Escherichia coli. In recurrent UTI, after repeated courses of antimicrobial therapy, other organisms and antibiotic resistance can be expected. 

Jackson, J.J., Kropp, H., Hurley, J.C. Influence of antibiotic class and concentration on the percentage of release of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 169 (1994) 471—473. 

Treatment with co-trimoxazole (or other antibiotics) can increase the risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children with gastrointestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli 0157 H7 compared with children with no antibiotic treatment (122). 

Wong CS, Jelacic S, Habeeb RL, Watkins SL, Tarr PI. The risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infections. N Engl J Med 2000 342(26) 1930-6. 

Ma huang has traditionally been used to treat cough and respiratory infection. However, the latest studies suggest that there may be other reasons for treating respiratory infections with ephedra it contains a compound that, in the test tube at least, has antibiotic properties. It is a quinoline alkaloid (4-quinolone-2-carboxylic acid), isolated from the aerial part of Ephedra transitoria by column chromatography, and called transtorine. It inhibits growth of common bacteria, such as Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (A1 -Khalil et al., 1998). Unfortunately, there have been no clinical trials. 

Lomefloxacin, a fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibiotic (400 mg p.o. daily for 10 to 14 days), is used in acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Haemophilis influenzae or Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in uncomphcated urinary tract infections (cystitis) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus, in complicated urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it is possibly effective against infections caused by Citrobacter diversus or Enterobacter cloacae and for the prophylaxis of infections after transurethral surgical procedures (see also Figure 85). 

An important characteristic of microbial biofilms is their innate resistance to immune system and antibiotic killing (89, 90). This has made microbial biofilms a common and difficult-to-treat cause of medical infections (87,91,92). It has recently been estimated that over 60% of the bacterial infections currently treated in hospitals are caused by bacterial biofilms (91). Several ehronic infections (e.g. respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis lung. Staphylococcal lesions in endocarditis, and bacterial prostatitis, primarily caused by Escherichia coli) have been shown to be mediated by biofilms (93). More notably, biofilms (particularly of Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli) are also a major cause of infections associated with medical implants (94, 95). The number of implant-associated infections approaches 1 million per year in the United States alone, and their direct medical costs exceed 3 billion annually (96). Thus, there is an urgent need to find novel approaches to eradicate biofilms. 

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