Escherichia coli Fermentations

Figure 13.11. Dissolved oxygen profile during a typical Escherichia coli fermentation. Using a cubic spline interpolation of the data shown in Figure 13.3, the responses of the two sensors have been converted into percent oxygen and plotted as shown. The optical sensor closely tracks the response of the Clark-type electrode throughout the fermentation.

C. Curless, J. Baclaski and R. Sachdev (1996). Phosphate glass as a phosphate source in high cell density Escherichia coli fermentations. Biotechnol. Prog., 12, 22-25. 

J. W. Hall et al., Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Acetate, Ammonia, Biomass, and Glycerol in an Industrial Escherichia coli Fermentation, Appl. Spectrosc., 50(1), 26 (1996). 

Hall J W, McNeil B, Rollins M J, Draper I, Thompson B G, Macaloney G (1996). Near-infrared spectroscopic determination of acetate, ammonium, biomass and glycerol in an industrial Escherichia coli fermentation. Appl. Spectroscopy 50 102-108. 

Patnaik, R., Zolandz, R.R., Green, D.A., and Kraynie, D.F. (2008) L-Tyrosine production by recombinant Escherichia coli fermentation optimization and recovery. Biotechnol Bioeng., 99, 741-752. 

Vemuri, G.N., Eiteman, M.A., and Altman, E. (2002) Succinate production in dual-phase Escherichia coli fermentations depends on the time of transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. /. Ind. Microbiol Biotechnol, 28, 325-332,... 

Tsai, L.B., M. Mann, F. Morris, C. Rotgers, and D. Penton, The Effect of Organic Nitrogen and Glucose on the Production of Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor in High Density Escherichia coli Fermentations, J. Ind. Microbiol. 2, 181-187 (1987). 

M. A. Strege and A.L. Lagu, Analysis of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Escherichia Coli Fermentation Broth by Micellar HPLC, J. Chromatogr. A, 705 155 (1995). 

Intracellular (3-Galactosidase activity Spectrophotometry 50-5100 Umr Escherichia coli fermentation... 

Another way to enhance the production of an amino acid is to make use of DNA-recombinant technology, often in combination with foe mutations already described. In this way foe negative features of foe micro-organisms are avoided. To help explain this, we will consider a well known fermentation of L-phenylalanine using Escherichia coli. We have already seen foe metabolic pathway leading to foe production of L-phenylalanine in Figure 8.4. 

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp, aerogenes produce acid from lactose on this medium, altering the colour of the indicator, and also adsorb some of the indicator which may be precipitated around the growing cells. The organisms causing typhoid and paratyphoid fever and bacillary dysentery do not ferment lactose, and colonies of these organisms appear transparent. 

Fermentation of D-xylose by Escherichia coli at pH 5.5 (in bicarbonate buffer) gives more than one mole of lactic acid per mole because of fixation of carbon dioxide by the two-carbon fragment,198(a> an observation that may have an important bearing on theories of photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide.198[Pg.223]

One interesting paper addresses amino acid production.37 The authors describe a fed-batch process for production of amino acids, such as L-lysine (from Corynebacterium glutamicium) and L-threonine (from Escherichia coli). For the fermentation broth of the L-lysine, the optical density, ammonium, and L-lys were measured. For L-threonine, OD, ammonium, and L-thr were measured. For all materials, the values were deemed acceptable and comparable with the reference methods. 

Hydrogenase isoenzymes are also common among the metabolically more versatile bacteria (see Chapter 2). For instance, H2 metabolism and isoenzyme composition in enteric bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, appear to be differentially regulated under the two modes of anaerobic life, fermentation and anaerobic respiration (Table 3.1). Furthermore, biosynthesis of the individual isoenzymes appears to be controlled at a global level by the quality of the carbon source. 

Escherichia coli [NiFe] hydrogenase 3 Membrane-associated component of the formate hydrogen lyase complex H2 production during fermentation H2 uptake under anaerobic conditions Anaerobiosis, carbon source limitation, phosphate limitation, molybdenum, nitrate, formate 7.8... 

Formate dehydrogenase (several types) Sugar fermentation Escherichia coli 93-95... 

It did not deviate from the values found with pure cultures (Freudenreich and Orla-Jensen 1906 van Niel 1928). The analytical methods allowed the determination of the products of glucose fermentation by Escherichia coli, and the general equation calculated (Harden 1901) does not differ from that accepted today. Harden even correctly deduced that hydrogen arises from formic acid the Aerobacter modihcation was recognized by Harden in 1906. Thus the methods for the analysis of fermentation products were completed within the nineteenth century. 

Bock A, Sawers G. 1996. Fermentation. In Neidhardt FC, Cnrtiss R III, Ingraham JL, et al., editors. Escherichia coli and Salmonella cellular and molecnlar biology. 2nd ed. Washington, DC ASM Press, p 262-82. 

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