Erythrocytes ageing

Comporti M, Signorini C, Buonocore G, Ciccoli L (2002) Iron release, oxidative stress and erythrocyte aging. Free Radical Biol Med 34 568-576... 

As erythrocytes age in vivo, their oxygen affinity increases. The concentration of 2,3-DPG in young red... 

Storage of erythrocytes Erythrocyte age may be associated with prolonged ventilation support [5 ]. In two studies improvement in oxygen delivery after transfusion fell with... 

Age/sex Plasma cholinesterase (mU per mL per minute) Erythrocyte cholinesterase (ApH/hour)"... 

The only other information regarding the potential for age-related differences in susceptibility to methyl parathion came from a study by Garcia-Lopez and Monteoliva (1988). The investigators showed increasing mean erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity levels with increasing age range, starting at birth (in 10-year increments and >60 years of age) in both males and females. However, it is not known whether increased erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity indicates a decreased susceptibility to methyl parathion toxicity. 

Several studies in animals suggest that age may affect susceptibility to methyl parathion toxicity, and that children may be more susceptible than adults, but the data are limited. (See Section 3.7 for more information on Children s susceptibility.) A study in humans showed that mean erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity levels increase with increasing age from birth through old age in both sexes (Garcia-Lopez ad Monteoliva 1988), but it is not known whether increased erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity indicates decreased susceptibility to methyl parathion. 

Factors associated with poor outcomes are (1) early age of disease onset, (2) elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, (3) high titer of rheumatoid factor, (4) swelling of more than 20 joints, and (5) presence of extraarticular manifestations. 

In general, normally aging erythrocytes and slightly damaged cells are sequestered in the spleen, whereas those heavily damaged or modified are removed from circulation by the liver [101]. This along with a short... 

A dose-related elevation of EP or ZPP in lead workers has been documented extensively (Herber 1980 Matte et al. 1989). Correlations between PbB levels and log EP or ZPP indicate an apparent threshold for EP elevation in male workers at 25-35 pg/dL (Grandjean and Lintrup 1978 Roels et al. 1975) for FEP and a threshold of 30-40 pg/dL for EP (Roels and Lauwerys 1987 Roels et al. 1979). The threshold for EP elevation appears to be somewhat lower (20-30 pg/dL) in women than in men (Roels and Lauwerys 1987 Roels etal. 1975, 1976, 1979 Stuik 1974), regardless of whether exposure is primarily by inhalation (occupational) or oral (nonoccupational). These studies were controlled for possible confounding factors such as iron deficiency or age, both of which increase erythrocyte ZPP. 

Decreasing G-6-PDH activity in aging erythrocytes has been described (L4, L8). This finding becomes important in hereditary G-6-PDH deficiency, explaining the self-limiting effect of drug-induced hemolysis (B9, BIO, Bll). 

The differences between the enzyme preparations with respect to the requirement of added methylene blue are in good agreement with the finding of varying amounts of MHb in the normal blood of several species (H7) and variable, but species-linked abilities to reduce MHb (K9, Kll, S17). Furthermore, an age variation in MHb reduction of rabbit erythrocytes has been observed (S17). 

Spicer, S. S., and Reynolds, H., Individual and age variation in methe-moglobin formation and reduction in rabbit erythrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 159, 47-56 (1949). 

Individuals with high blood pressure might be considered a susceptible population. Schulz et al. (1982) reported on the infusion of 70 patients, ages 17 to 78, with nitroprusside solutions to lower blood pressure. Administration of nitroprusside with or without thiosulfate continued for several hours to several days, apparently without adverse symptoms. Schulz (1984) states that at 150 to 250 /.imol/L of erythrocyte concentrate headaches, palpitations, and hyperventilation occur. Unfortunately, blood cyanide levels were ex... 

Herrmann, A., and Devaux, P.F., 1990, Altereation of the aminophosphohpid translocase activity during in vivo and artificial aging of human erythrocytes, Biochim. Biophys, Acta 1027 41-46. 

Heme is mainly found in the human organism as a prosthetic group in erythrocyte hemoglobin. Around 100-200 million aged erythrocytes per hour are broken down in the human organism. The degradation process starts in reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. 

The IgD profile in a normal Nigerian population was similar to that of the British and American populations (T7). Interestingly, in more than half the patients with African trypanosomes, IgD was absent from their sera (M35). Three out of six diabetic patients had insulin antibodies of the IgD class (D3), and IgD levels were five to six times higher in Ethiopian children than in Swedish children of the same age (J4). Patients with penicillin-induced hemolytic anemia had IgD receptors on their erythrocyte surfaces and sera from some subjects allergic to penicillin G were shown to have IgD antibodies specific for the benzyl-penicilloyl-antigenic determinant of this antibiotic (C19). 

Hokin-Neaverson M, Burckhardt WA, Jefferson JW Increased erythrocyte Na" pump and Na-K-ATPase activity during lithium therapy. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology 14 117-126, 1976 Holazo AA, Winkler MB, Patel IH Effects of age, gender and oral contraceptives on intramuscular midazolam pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 28 1040-1045, 1988... 

While it is assumed that hematopoietic cell formation is regulated through a concerted and coordinated release of factors in a cascade and series of reactions, the details of how such processes occur remain elusive. It is clear, however, that there are important differences in the growth and turnover (or removal) rates of blood cells. A new population of neutrophils is generated every 24 hours to replace aging cells, which are cleared with a half-life of about 6 to 8 hours [7]. On the other hand, erythrocytes exhibit a well-documented life... 

Patients with Refsum disease may have extremely high phytanic acid levels, up to 1500 pmol/1, whereas pristanic acid is low (< 1 pmol/1) as a consequence of the phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase deficiency. Less pronounced phytanic acid elevations will be observed in RCDP type 1 patients, which applies to both the classical form as well as the variant forms. Values may range from 200 to 900 pmol/1, somewhat depending on age. There is some discussion on the time of onset of phytanic acid accumulation in the classical neonatal RCDP-patients. Normal plasma phytanic acid levels (0.7-5.8 pmol/1) were recorded in the authors laboratory in patients aged less than 1 week. Two- to three-week-old RCDP patients had increased phytanic acid levels of 9.1 -13.2 pmol/1. Classical patients invariably had undetectable plasmalogen levels of the erythrocytes at any age. 

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