Headache concentrate

Severe exposure may be expected to cause the formation of methemoglobin and resultant anoxia with cyanosis (especially evident in the lips, nose, and earlobes) other effects are weakness, dizziness, and severe headache. Concentrations in excess of 1 ppm cause lacrimation and upper respiratory irritation, whereas 0.4 ppm may cause mild irritation. The liquid on the skin may cause mild burns. ... 

Adverse events occurring in at least 3% of patients include dizziness, fatigue, headache, concentration impaired, insomnia, abnormal dreams, somnolence, depression, anxiety, pruritus, nervousness, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain. 

As mentioned. CO is normally present in air at sea level at about 0.05% (weight). A poorly ventilated room may contain as much as 1% (volume). Concentrations of the gas from about 0.1-1% (volume) induce languor and headaches concentrations of 8-10% (volume) bring about death by asphyxiation. High concentrations of the gas are toxic. See also Basal Metabolism. 

Vapors may be irritating to the respiratory tract at concentrations greater than 5 ppm. Workers with daily exposures from 5 to 10 ppm may complain of nose, throat, and eye irritation, and headaches. Concentrations greater than 25 ppm are difficult to tolerate for even short periods of time and concentrations greater 300 ppm may immediately threaten life. Exposure to n-butylamine vapors may result in erythema, particularly about the face. The face and neck may become florid within 3h after exposure, and desquamation of the facial skin may follow in 3 days. A burning, itching sensation accompanies these symptoms. Exposure to vapors may induce allergic asthma. 

Full eye protection should be worn whenever handling acryhc monomers contact lenses must never be worn. Prolonged exposure to Hquid or vapor can result in permanent eye damage or blindness. Excessive exposure to vapors causes nose and throat irritation, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness or drowsiness (solvent narcosis). Overexposure may cause central nervous system depression. Both proper respiratory protection and good ventilation are necessary wherever the possibiHty of high vapor concentration arises. 

Concentrations of nickel carbonyl as low as 30 ppm in air for 30 min may be lethal for humans. Individuals exposed to these high concentrations show immediate symptoms of dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, and vomiting. These early symptoms generally disappear in fresh air, but delayed symptoms may develop 12—36 h later. These latter symptoms include shortness of breath, cyanosis, chest pain, chills, and fever. In severe exposure cases. 

Toxicity. Lethality is the primary ha2ard of phosphine exposure. Phosphine may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. AH phosphine-related effects seen at sublethal inhalation exposure concentrations are relatively small and completely reversible. The symptoms of sublethal phosphine inhalation exposure include headache, weakness, fatigue, di22iness, and tightness of the chest. Convulsions may be observed prior to death in response to high levels of phosphine inhalation. Some data are given in Table 2. 

Nicotinamide can also be toxic to cells at concentrations that increase the NAD levels above normal. Individuals consuming nicotinamide at levels of 3 g/d for extended periods (3—36 months) have experienced various side effects such as heartburn, nausea, headaches, hives, fatigue, sore throat, dry hair, and tautness of the face (1). 

The threshold limit value—time integrated average, TLV—TWA, of chlorine dioxide is 0.1 ppm, and the threshold limit value—short-term exposure limit, STEL, is 0.3 ppm or 0.9 mg /m of air concentration (87,88). Chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant. Symptoms of exposure by inhalation include eye and throat irritation, headache, nausea, nasal discharge, coughing, wheezing, bronchitis, and delayed onset of pulmonary edema. Delayed deaths occurred in animals after exposure to 150—200 ppm for less than one hour. Rats repeatedly exposed to 10 ppm died after 10 to 13 days of exposure. Exposure of a worker to 19 ppm for an unspecified time was fatal. The ingested systemic effects of low concentration chlorine dioxide solutions are similar to that of chlorite. 

Trichloroethylene is acutely toxic, primarily because of its anesthetic effect on the central nervous system. Exposure to high vapor concentrations is likely to cause headache, vertigo, tremors, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, intoxication, unconsciousness, and even death. Because it is widely used, its physiological effects have been extensively studied. 

Overexposure to tetrachloroethylene by inhalation affects the central nervous system and the Hver. Dizziness, headache, confusion, nausea, and eye and mucous tissue irritation occur during prolonged exposure to vapor concentrations of 200 ppm (15). These effects are intensified and include incoordination and dmnkenness at concentrations in excess of 600 ppm. At concentrations in excess of 1000 ppm the anesthetic and respiratory depression effects can cause unconsciousness and death. A single, brief exposure to concentrations above 6000 ppm can be immediately dangerous to life. Reversible changes to the Hver have been reported foUowing prolonged exposures to concentrations in excess of 200 ppm (16—22). Alcohol consumed before or after exposure may increase adverse effects. 

Metal soaps may cause skin irritation or sensiti2ation. They are harm fill if swallowed or ingested, which could result in gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting. Inhalation of concentrated vapors can lead to headaches and incoordination. 

Bioprocess Control An industrial fermenter is a fairly sophisticated device with control of temperature, aeration rate, and perhaps pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, or some nutrient concentration. There has been a strong trend to automated data collection and analysis. Analog control is stiU very common, but when a computer is available for on-line data collec tion, it makes sense to use it for control as well. More elaborate measurements are performed with research bioreactors, but each new electrode or assay adds more work, additional costs, and potential headaches. Most of the functional relationships in biotechnology are nonlinear, but this may not hinder control when bioprocess operate over a narrow range of conditions. Furthermore, process control is far advanced beyond the days when the main tools for designing control systems were intended for linear systems. 

Recommended exposure limit (8 hr time-weighted average concentration) Headache after about 7 hr if resting or after 2 hr exertion... 

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