Erectile dysfunction due

Plenty of biological activities have been attributed to derivatives of ring systems 1-50 in the patent and published literature. New substituted pyrazolo[4,3- pyrimidines have been synthesized and claimed to be useful for treatment of male erectile dysfunction due to the inhibitory action they exerted on phosphodiesterase enzymes <1998EPP995750, 2000USP6066722>. Diverse biological activities have been attributed to pyrazolo[3,4-, pyrimidines... 

Psychogenic erectile dysfunction—Erectile dysfunction due to failure of central nervous system to perceive or process sexually stimulating information. 

Fernandez Arjona M, Oteros R, Zarca M, Diaz Fernandez J, Cortes I (2001) Percutaneous embolization for erectile dysfunction due to venous leakage prognostic factors for a good therapeutic result. Eur Urol 39 15-19... 

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. The definition is very subjective due to differences in desired or needed rigidity in patients of different ages and in different types of relationships. Patients may refer to their dysfunction as impotence, but the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference recommends that the term erectile dysfunction replace the term impotence due to confusion with other forms of sexual dysfunction and the negative connotation associated with the term impotence.1 Patients may also develop libido or ejaculatory disorders, but these are not considered erectile dysfunction. 

Orthostatic hypotension is common due to blockade of reflex-mediated vasoconstriction. Other side effects include erectile dysfunction, diarrhea, and weight gain. Because of these complications, postganglionic sympathetic inhibitors have little or no role in the management of hypertension. 

Intracavernosal injection or urethral suppository therapy with alprostadil (PGE1) is useful in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, especially in spinal cord injury. Doses of 2.5-25 ug are used. Penile pain is a frequent side effect that may be related to the algesic effects of PGE derivatives however, only a few patients discontinue the use due to pain. Prolonged erection and priapism are less frequent side effects that occur in fewer than 4% of patients and are minimized by careful titration to the minimal effective dose. When given by injection, alprostadil may be used as monotherapy or in combination with either papaverine or phentolamine. 

Hussain IF, Brady CM, Swinn MJ, Mathias CJ, Fowler CJ (2001) Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in parkinsonism due to Parkinson s disease or multiple system atrophy with observations on orthostatic hypotension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71 371-374. 

In the presence of sexual stimulation and in doses of 25 to 100 mg, sildenafil produces satisfactory erections in 56% to 82% of patients, independent of the etiology of erectile dysfunction. Similar values are documented in the product labeliug for the other two agents in this class (65% to 80% for vardenafll and 62% to 77% for tadalafil). Response rates for sUdenafll in the lower range have been documented in patients following radical prostatectomy, probably due to postoperative nerve damage. The drugs effectiveness appears to be dose related. °... 

Some clinicians believe that tachyphylaxis may develop with continuous use of sildenafil, but others believe that a lack of responsiveness may be due to worsening of underlying diseases that may be contributing to the development of erectile dysfunction. 

Erectile dysfunction has been reported in 3% to 5% of patients. It may be secondary to ejaculation disorders, or may be due to drug-induced inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (which is needed for producing nitric oxide, a vasodUatory substance) in cavemosal tissue. The role of 5a-reductase inhibitors in causing erectile dysfunction is not clear, as elderly men with BPH commonly develop erectile dysfunction as they age, or have concurrent medical illnesses or concomitant drug therapies that may predispose to the development of sexual dysfunction. ... 

Organic erectile dysfunction—Term used to refer to erectile dysfunction that is due to vascular, neurologic, and/or hormonal causes. 

In male rats orally administered 3 g/kg of a methanol extract of ashwagandha daily for 7 days, impairment in libido, sexual performance, and sexual vigor was observed, along with penile erectile dysfunction. The effects were partly reversible on cessation of treatment, and were not due to changes in testosterone levels or toxicity, but instead were attributed to hyperprolactinemic, GABAergic, serotonergic or sedative activities of the extract (Ilayperuma et al. 2002). 

Moreland 1998). Systemic connective tissue disorders, such as systemic sclerosis, are associated to erectile dysfunction in as much as 80% of patients due to combined arterial insufficiency and collage-nization of corporeal smooth muscle (Lotfi et al. 1995). 

---