Epoxy and phenoxy resins

Epichlorohydrin is a major raw material for epoxy and phenoxy resins, and is used in the manufacture of glycerine, in curing propylene-based rubbers, as a solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, and in resins with high wet-strength for the paper industry (Lewis, 1993). 

Details A liquid, used in the production of epoxy and phenoxy resins. 

Uses Phenolic, adhesion promoter, chem. resist, aid for drum and pail coatings, latex and phenoxy polymers crosslinking agent for water-based polymers intended for low VQC applies. food pkg. adhesives, coatings, paper, closures with sealing gaskets for food containers Features Thermosetting compat. with various waterborne acrylic, epoxy, and phenoxy resins... 

Phenoxy resins can also be used for the modification of PET and PBT. Phe-noxy resins such as Paphen PKFE (Inchem Corporation) are polyhydroxyether materials with pendant hydroxyl groups that can react with the PET. Paphen phenoxy resins are reactive modifiers that can modify and upgrade brittle polymers. Such resins contain 6 % of secondary hydroxyl groups. The latter serve as reactive sites for reaction with polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, epoxies and phenolics. 

An interesting approach to maleimide-terminated phenoxy resin has recently has described (42). para-Maleimidobenzoic acid was reacted with diglyci-dylbisphenol-A epoxy resin in the presence of catalyst to provide the bismale-imide of Fig. 13. Instead of diglycidyl bisphenol-A, linear epoxy resin pre-polymers can be used in this reaction to form a maleimide terminated phenoxy resin. Another suitable functionalized monomaleimide is m- or p- N-(hydroxyphenyl) maleimide which is synthesized from maleic anhydride and m-aminophenol in DMF as a solvent at 70 °C. The purified hydroxyphenyl maleimide was reacted with epoxy resin to form novel BMIs as outlined in Fig. 14. The new BMI and phenoxy oligomers polymerize at temperatures of 200-220 °C, but the cure temperatures can be significantly lowered when catalysts such as imidazoles or triphenylphosphine are added. The cured homopolymers show Tg of 140 and 230 °C for the n = 2 and the n = 1 polymer, respectively(43). 

The highest-MW DGEBA epoxy resins are termed phenoxy resins. They are highly linear molecules that are used primarily as thermoplastic coating resins. However, they can be blended with lower-MW epoxy resins for the improvement of specific properties such as flexibility, impact and fatigue resistance, and thermal cycling. Phenoxy resins are sometimes used alone as a thermoplastic hot melt adhesive generally in film form. 

The phenoxy resin has a chemical structure similar to that of epoxy resin however, the phenoxy is a high-molecular-weight thermoplastic polymer, which needs no further conversion and has an infinite shelf life. Since the phenoxies are strongly polar polyethers, they... 

There is a common feature of the polymer composition in PC, PPO, epoxy and phenol-formaldehyde resin, all contain phenoxy moieties in their repeating unit. Hence, it is not unexpected that the major pyrolysis products of these plastics are phenols. The reason of the production of phenolic compounds is the higher bonding energy of the C-0 linkage in the phenoxy moiety related to that of other bonds along the polymer chain. 

Bakelite [Bakelite AG], TM for polyethylene, polypropylene, epoxy, phenolic, polystyrene, phenoxy, perylene, polysulfone, ethylene copolymers, ABS, acrylics, and vinyl resins and compounds. 

Use Intermediate in manufacture of epoxy, polycarbonate, phenoxy, polysulfone, and certain polyester resins flame retardants, rubber chemicals, fungicide. 

The commercially available phenoxy resin has Mw around 50,000 and little epoxy functionality. The phenoxy polymer is then classified as a polyol or a po-ly(hydroxy ether) [3]. Typical applications for the phenoxy resin are as hot-melt adhesives, coatings for beverage cans, and toughening agents for various epoxy resin formulations. The viscoelastic properties of phenoxy resins have been studied by Alegria et al. [11-15]. The phenoxy polymer can be used as a reference in the viscoelastic study of DGEBA oligomer. 

Epichlorohydrin or chloromethyloxirane is manufactured from allyl chloride, and, in 2006, had a merchant price of US 1.66 kg [4]. It is used as a building block in the manufacture of plastics, epoxy resins, phenoxy resins, and other polymers, and as a solvent for cellulose, resins, and paints, and has also found use as an insect fumigant. Epoxy resins (aryl glycidyl ethers) are manufactured successfully in large scale (1.2 x 10 metric tons in 2000) [26] and are widely used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications [27]. These are made by addition reactions of epichlorohydrins or by epoxidation of allyl ethers or esters (Table 1.1). Epichlorohydrin can be reacted with an alkali nitrate to produce glycidyl nitrate, an energetic binder used in explosive and propellant compositions. 

Among organic dye/polymer systems, hole formation has been reported to take place at 80-120 K for TPP in a phenoxy resin, for a water-soluble TPP in poly(vinyl alcohol), and for TPP in an epoxy resin.25 A typical example of hole formation up to 80 K is shown in Table 2.12 .26 The Arrhenius plot of the quantum efficiency of hole formation, 4>, for TPP in several polymers (Table 2.13 ) shows that 0 gradually decreases at 4-20 K, irrespectively of the nature of the polymer. Above a certain temperature, Tr, 0 decreases markedly, as a result of spectral diffusion and hole filling, attributed to local structural relaxation of the polymer chains. 

Uses Phenoxy resin for coil coating primers, can/coil/clear coatings, specialty coatings, hot-melt and laminating adhesives, film extrusion modifier for epoxies, plastics... 

Uses Phenoxy resin for hot-melt prepregs, epoxy prepreg additives, hot-melt and structural adhesives, pipe coatings, polymer alloys modifier for plastics rheology control agent for epoxies modifier for phenolic and melamine resins... 

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