Epidermis growth factor

Treatment of inbred SEN mouse skin with 20 mg benzoyl peroxide led to the transient induction of transforming growth factor (31 mRNA (Patamalai et al., 1994) and inte-rleukin-1 (Lee et al., 1993). The number of mast cells also increased during benzoyl peroxide treatment, in a 30 pm-wide strip below the epidermis (de Rey et al., 1994). 

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) 544,571 Epidermis 439 Epidermolysis bullosa 440 Epimerases 692... 

Weninger, W., Uthman, A., Pammer, J., Pichler, A., Ballaun, C., Lang, I. M., Plettenberg, A., Bankl, H. C., Sturzl, M., and Tschachler, E. 1996. Vascular endothelial growth factor production in normal epidermis and in benign and malignant epithelial skin tumors. Lab. Invest. 75 647-657. 

Zagon, I.S. Wu, Y. McLaughhn, P.J. The opioid growth factor, [Met]-Enkephalin, and the Zeta opioid receptor are present in human and mouse skin and tonically act to inhibit DNA synthesis in the epidermis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996, 106, 490-497. 

Wang, X.J., Liefer, K.M., Tsai, S., O Malley, B.W. and Roop, D.R. (1999) Development of gene-switch transgenic mice that inducibly express transforming growth factor (31 in the epidermis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, of America, 96, 8483-8488. 

The main cells of the viable epidermis are keratinocytes. They get their growth factors and nutrients by passive diffusion via the interstitial fluid, which is estimated to represent about 15% of the total volume of the epidermis and drains into the lymphatic system. The viable epidermis also contains melanocytes, Langerhans cells, migrant macrophages, and lymphocytes. The top two layers of the viable epidermis, the stratum lucidum and the stratum granulosum, are physiologically very important. Removal of these three epidermal layers results in water loss and an enhancement of skin permeability [8],... 

The epidermis and particularly the stratum comeum remain intact, except for these tiny holes, which are about four cells in diameter. The treatment times can range from 10 to 60 min, depending on the size of the area being treated. Naturally, the skin bleeds for a short time, but that soon stops. The skin develops multiple microbruises in the dermis that initiate the complex cascade of growth factors that eventually results in collagen production. 

Growth factors stimulate the growth of already determined tissues. Such factors, which are protein or polypeptide, have been isolated for neural cells and epidermis. The nerve growth factor stimulates especially the outgrowth of nerve fibers from ganglia. Its mechanism of action has not been definitely revealed. Recent experiments indicate that it may act on the assembly of the growth cone of embryonic nerve cells. 

Karvinen, S., Pasonen-Seppanen, S., Hyltinen, J. (2003) Keratinocyte growth factor stimulates migration and hyaluronan synthesis in the epidermis by activation of keratinocyte hyaluronan synthases 2 and 3. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, (49), 49495—49504. 

The future requirement for the polymers would be biomimetic properties contain chemical signals, soluble growth factors, physical properties, mechanical properties which are similar to natural ECM and more conductive for epidermis and dermis regeneration. 

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