Epidemiological studies, health

J. C. Contassot and co-workers, "Epidemiological Study of Cancer Morbidity Among Workers Exposed to Hydrazine," poster presented at the XXII International Congress on Occupational Health, in Sydney, AustraUa, Sept.—Oct., 1987. 

Health ha2ards linked to carbon disulfide are extensively covered (136). Also available are epidemiological studies (144—146), general reviews containing many references (147—150), and a Material Safety Data Sheet (151). 

Exposure to sulfur dioxide in the ambient air has been associated with reduced lung function, increased incidence of respiratory symptoms and diseases, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and premature mortality. Children, the elderly, and those already suffering from respiratory ailments, such as asthmatics, are especially at risk. Health impacts appear to be linked especially to brief exposures to ambient concentrations above 1,000 ixg/in (acute exposures measured over 10 minutes). Some epidemiologic studies, however, have shown an association between relatively low annual mean levels and excess mortality. It is not clear whether long-... 

Malker, H. S. R. and Gemne, G. (1987). A register-epidemiology study on cancer among Swedish printing industry workers. Arch. Environ. Health 42, 73-82. 

There has been some controversy over the effect of traces of anesthehc gases in the operating room on the health of personnel working there daily Numerous animal studies usmg low levels of anestheltic gases have failed to show any effects, and several epidemiological studies show that human health is not affected by traces of anesthetic gases [20]... 

Evidence for this human health linkage has been suggested from (a) epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations, (b) human volunteer studies, and (c) animal experiments 14). Air pollution levels measured in southwestern Ontario, for instance, have been compared with hospital... 

Cohen, J.T. and Nikula, K. (1999) The health effects of diesel exhaust laboratory and Epidemiologic Studies,... 

Tea flavonoids, or tea extracts, have been linked to benefits in reducing the risk of certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases in experimental animals. However, epidemiological studies have produced inconsistent evidence in the relationship between tea drinking and cancer (Blot et a/., 1997 Goldbohm etal, 1996 Hertog eta/., 1997 Yang eta/., 1996). Therefore, further research is needed before definitive conclusions on the impact of tea consumption upon the cancer risk in humans can be reached. The metabolites of catechins and flavonols after consumption of tea infusions have scarcely been investigated, and thus more research is needed as to the role of those compounds in the reported health benefits of tea consumption. 

WILD 0 p ANDERSSON 0, o brien n m, WILSON L and WOODS J A (2001) A critical evaluation of the application of biomarkers in epidemiological studies on diet and health. Br JNutr 86 (Suppl 1) S37-S53. 

Many epidemiological studies have analyzed the correlations between different carotenoids and the various forms of cancer and a lot of conclusions converge toward protective effects of carotenoids. Many studies were carried out with (i-carotene. The SUVIMAX study, a primary intervention trial of the health effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals, revealed that a supplementation of p-carotene (6 mg/day) was inversely correlated with total cancer risk. Intervention studies investigating the association between carotenoids and different types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases are reported in Table 3.1.2 and Table 3.1.3. 

In the Unites States, the daily intake of 3-carotene is around 2 mg/day Several epidemiological studies have reported that consumption of carotenoid-rich foods is associated with reduced risks of certain chronic diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. These preventive effects of carotenoids may be related to their major function as vitamin A precursors and/or their actions as antioxidants, modulators of the immune response, and inducers of gap-junction communications. Not all carotenoids exert similar protective effects against specific diseases. By reason of the potential use of carotenoids as natural food colorants and/or for their health-promoting effects, research has focused on better understanding how they are absorbed by and metabolized in the human body. 

Epidemiological and Human Dosimetry Studies. Epidemiological studies of radiation dose typically involve estimates of exposure that are based on whole-body measurements of internally-deposited americium. A need remains for epidemiological data that can provide quantitative human dose-response information while supplying additional information on the health effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and americium in particular, for cases of known internal exposure. 

Epidemiological and Human Dosimetry Studies. No epidemiological studies were located. However, prior to conducting any large-scale studies, animal studies are needed to determine what, if any, chronic health effects occur after exposure to diisopropyl methylphosphonate. In addition, appropriate cohorts would be very difficult to identify. 

Ernster, V. L., Epidemiologic studies of caffeine and human health, in The Methylxanthine Beverages and Food, Spiller, G. A., Ed., Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, Chapter 16. 

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