Eosinophils eosinophilia

Orange RP, Donsky GJ (1978) Anaphylaxis. In Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds) Allergy principles and practice. Mosby, St. Louis, p 563 Ottesen EA, Cohen SG (1978) The eosinophil, eosinophilia and eosinophil related disorders. In Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds) Allergy principles and practice. Mosby, St. Louis, p 584... 

ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMS Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ENS Enteric nervous system EO Eosinophil... 

Eosinophil 1 %—4% Antigen-antibody reactions Eosinophilia Hypersensitivity reactions, including medications Parasitic infections... 

The amino acid precursor for 5-HT, L-tryptophan, increases the biosynthesis 5-HT and, therefore, has been investigated for potential antidepressant properties, but with mixed results (Green and Costain, 1979). It was withdrawn in 1990, following a number of fatal cases of eosinophilia myalgia (a disorder characterised by severe muscle pain and abnormally high levels of one type of white blood cell, the eosinophil) in individuals principally using it as a natural hypnotic. 

Eosinophilia is a hallmark of intestinal nematode infection and is known to be under the control of IL-5 (Finkelman et al., 1992). As discussed above, treatment with anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (and so ablation of eosinophilia) had no effect on expulsion of T. muris, 77. polygyms, N. brasiliensis or T. spiralis infections, suggesting that either redundant mechanisms operate under these circumstances or that eosinophils are not a critical component of effector responses operating against most murine... 

Whilst eosinophils appear unimportant in the induction of protective responses to GI helminths, they are present in large numbers in the inflamed gut and it has therefore been suggested that they play a part in the induction of enteropathy. Moreover, eosinophils have been implicated in the induction of intestinal inflammation eosinophilic gastroenteritis, ulcerative colitis and Crohn s disease. However, IL-5-deficient mice, or GM-CSF transgenic mice (which typically have a blood eosinophilia of approximately 25%) infected with T. spiralis did not show a significant exacerbation or amelioration of either protective or pathological responses (C.E. Lawrence, unpublished observation). 

Zafirlukast and montelukast are generally well tolerated. Rare elevations in serum aminotransferase concentrations and clinical hepatitis have been reported. An idiosyncratic syndrome similar to the Churg-Strauss syndrome, with marked circulating eosinophilia, heart failure, and associated eosinophilic vasculitis, has been reported in a small number of patients a direct causal association has not been established. 

Eosinophilic pneumonia Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia. If this occurs during the course of therapy, discontinue the drug. 

Simon, H. U., Yousefi, S., Schranz, C., Schapowal, A., Bachert, C., and Blaser, K., Direct demonstration of delayed eosinophil apoptosis as a mechanism causing tissue eosinophilia. J. Immunol. 158, 3902-3908 (1997). 

Pulmonary eosinophilic syndrome, characterized by extreme hypoxemia, eosinophilia, interstitial pneumonitis, hilar lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusions, can be severe and can occur with as little as 7 to 9 days of therapy with the tetracyclines. In severe cases steroid therapy is required, but the outcome following drug discontinuation is nearly always good. 

Association with peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltrations in the liver... 

Hematological Effects. Hematological evaluations of workers occupationally exposed to chromium compounds have yielded equivocal results. Ninety-seven workers from a chromate plant were exposed to a mixture of insoluble chromite ore containing chromium(III) and soluble sodium chromate and dichromate. Hematological evaluations revealed leukocytosis in 14.4% or leukopenia in 19.6% of the workers. The leukocytosis appeared to be related primarily to monocytosis and eosinophilia, but controls had slight increases in monocytes and occasional increases in eosinophils without leukocytosis. 

Inject 1 mL warm (30-37°C) horse serum into the peritoneal cavity of the donor guinea pigs. Repeat at 2-d intervals for a total of 5 injections. If a steady supply of eosinophil donors is required, peritoneal eosinophilia can now be maintained by weekly injections of horse serum (best results after a total of 7 injections). Humanely kill the animals by C02-induced asphyxia 36-48 h (minimum 24 h) after the last injection to decrease neutrophil contamination. 

Figure 16.7. Microscopic appearance of necrosis. (A) Coagulative necrosis in a virally infected avian liver. Hepatocytes in the lower half of the photo are in various stages of necrosis, with small, pyknotic or fragmented nuclei and increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia. (B) Necrotic cells in immune-mediated skin disease, canine. The central cell has a pyknotic nucleus and intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm, while the cells at lower left and upper left are injured and swollen. The smaller cells are neutrophils. See color insert.

Eosinophilia reportedly developed in a 72-year-old woman shortly after she was given amfebutamone. The eosinophil count fell rapidly after all medications (including glibenclamide and tolmetin) were withdrawn (13). 

Eosinophilia occurred in a 30-year-old man taking olanzapine 22.5 mg/day (226). After 5 weeks, the white blood cell count increased to 15 x 109/1, of which 7.9 x 109/1 were eosinophils. Olanzapine was withdrawn, and 5 weeks later the white blood cell count was 8.5 x 109/1 with 14% eosinophils. 

ABPA is regarded as a complication of asthma, and occurs in approximately 1% of asthmatic patients. In addition to fever and malaise, the acute phase presents as an acute, easily reversible asthmatic syndrome with dyspnea and transient pulmonary infiltrations of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes, which may be effectively treated with corticosteroids. This condition usually progresses to a corticosteroid dependent and more intractable asthmatic state with transient pulmonary infiltrates (pulmonary eosinophilia) and a high sensitization to Aspergillus. From there the usual progression of the disease is to fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Most patients come to medical attention before the age of 35 years. The disease is a common complication of cystic fibrosis. 

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