Enzymes cell wall-degrading enzyme

Among the family of Enterobacteriaceae, two species of the genus Erwinia define the soft rot group E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora. The main characteristic of the soft rot bacteria is their ability to produce large quantities of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. The maceration of plant tissue resulting from... 

Misaghi I. J. (1982). The role of pathogen-produced cell-wall-degrading enzymes in pathogenesis. In Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Plenum Press, 17-34. 

Ethylene coordinates the expression of genes responsible for enhanced respiratory metabolism, chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid synthesis, conversion of starch to sugars, increased activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, aroma volatile production, and so on. All these events stimulate a series of biochemical, physiological, and structural changes making fruits mature and attractive to the consumer. 

Figure 1. Hypothetical scheme of events leading to race-cultivar specific resistance or susceptibility in the rust system. If the substrate specificity of the fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (e.g., pectinases) is suitable for degradation of a specific host cell wall component (e.g., partly esterified pectin), endogenous suppressors will be produced which prevent the elicitor induced lignification response, thus leading to susceptibility.

The phenomenon is well-known20 and correlates with the accumulation of /M,3 glucanases and chitinases, the cell wall degrading enzymes excreted by some fungi. Chemicals that promote SAR are potential... 

Chamier, A. C. (1985). Cell-wall-degrading enzymes of aquatic hyphomycetes a review. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society, 91, 67-81. 

It has been found that a 5-10% increase in virgin oil yield can be realized by the addition of plant cell-wall degrading enzymes to the malaxer (217). The enzymes are usually added to early harvested (less ripe) olives. Olives harvested later, when they are more ripe, already contain internal enzymes that have the same effect as the added enzymes. Extraction produces three products oil, an aqueous fraction that creates disposal problems, and a solids residue. The solid residue (pumace) obtained from pressing or centrifugation, contains 4-10% oil. The oil can be solvent extracted and refined. Solvent-extracted pumace oil is of low quality and is usually blended with a better quality virgin oil (215, 218). 

Partial hydrolysis of feed components (to enhance digestability by animals) Cell-wall degrading enzymes... 

A Sethuraman, DE Akin, K-EL Eriksson. Plant cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 27(1) 37 7, 1998. 

Heidrich P, Tenberge KB. The role of cell wall degrading enzymes from Claviceps purpurea during infection of rye. 5th European Conference on Fungi Genetics, ECFG5, Arcachon, France, March. 25-29, 2000, p 138. 

Meng, X. B.A. Slominski. Nutritive values of corn, soybean meal, canola meal, and peas for broiler chickens as affected by a multicarbohydrase preparation of cell wall degrading enzymes. Poultry Sci. 2005, 84, 1242-1251. 

Like redox enzymes, xylanases and cellulases are cell-wall degrading enzymes involv in the decomposition of plant debris [8,30]. 

Enzymes have also been used to increase oil and protein release. Reports on rapeseed, sunflower, coconut, olive, and cottonseed have shown a high oil extraction yield using enzymes in the aqueous medium. Enzymes can be used to assist in the extraction of oils. It has been shown that a mixture of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as hemicellulases, cellulases, and pectinases can materially assist in oil extraction, particularly under mild conditions, by liquefying the structural ceU waU components of the oilseed. 

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