Enzymes cell wall degrading

Among the family of Enterobacteriaceae, two species of the genus Erwinia define the soft rot group E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora. The main characteristic of the soft rot bacteria is their ability to produce large quantities of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. The maceration of plant tissue resulting from... 

Misaghi I. J. (1982). The role of pathogen-produced cell-wall-degrading enzymes in pathogenesis. In Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Plenum Press, 17-34. 

Ethylene coordinates the expression of genes responsible for enhanced respiratory metabolism, chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid synthesis, conversion of starch to sugars, increased activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, aroma volatile production, and so on. All these events stimulate a series of biochemical, physiological, and structural changes making fruits mature and attractive to the consumer. 

Figure 1. Hypothetical scheme of events leading to race-cultivar specific resistance or susceptibility in the rust system. If the substrate specificity of the fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (e.g., pectinases) is suitable for degradation of a specific host cell wall component (e.g., partly esterified pectin), endogenous suppressors will be produced which prevent the elicitor induced lignification response, thus leading to susceptibility.

Enzyme Excretion During Wood Cell Wall Degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium... 

JOSELEAU ruel Enzyme Excretion During Cell Wall Degradation 445... 

The phenomenon is well-known20 and correlates with the accumulation of /M,3 glucanases and chitinases, the cell wall degrading enzymes excreted by some fungi. Chemicals that promote SAR are potential... 

Sharon, A., Fuchs, Y., Anderson, J.D. (1993). The elicitation of ethylene biosynthesis by a Trichoderma xylanase is not related to the cell wall degradation activity of the enzyme. Plant Physiol. 102, 1325-1329. 

Usually there are two main components deemed responsible for the decrease in extraction efficiency, that is the lipid content and the cell wall in the case of samples of plant or fungal origin that may remain partly intact during sample pretreatment. This fact prompted sample preparation including also cell wall degrading and/or lipolytic enzymes, as reported soon after the initiation of the second phase of enzymatic sample preparation techniques in the publication by Gilon et al. [79]. 

The approach of Casiot et al. [21] was soon accepted and followed in the held of Se speciation. Wrobel et al. [91] applied a bacterium (Arthrobacter luteus) derived lysing enzyme mixture added with PMSF to study the intermediary molecules of Se metabolism of Se-enriched yeast without proteolysis. In order to tailor the cell wall degrading mechanism to the samples under test, Michalke et al. [77] used bacterial lisozyme and pronase E, either alone or in combination, for the Se speciation of Se-enriched lactic acid bacteria. Independent and simultaneous experiments were carried out with the two enzymes, thus achieving outstanding total Se-extraction efficiency (85-105 percent) with the sole application of pronase E and relatively low chromatographic recovery (8-12 percent) (still... 

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