Environmental Protection Agency hazardous characteristics

Many but not all hazardous wastes can be disposed of on land in properly designed landfills. To minimize potentially adverse environmental effects from wastes deposited at hazardous-waste landfill sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed specific regulations regarding the characteristics of wastes suitable for landfilling. These regulations (40 CFR 265) include a prohibition on the placement of ... 

TTie U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) (1) to determine priorities among releases, or threatened releases, from remediation sites. The HRS applies the appropriate consideration of each of the following site-specific characteristics of such facilities ... 

In the United States, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) is the major legislation covering the disposal of solid and hazardous wastes (2). This act provides a multifaceted approach to solving the problems associated with the generation of approximately 5 billion metric tons of solid waste each year in the United States. It places particular emphasis on the regulation of hazardous wastes. This law established the Office of Solid Waste within the Environmental Protection Agency and directed the agency to publish hazardous waste characteristics and criteria. 

A chemical waste is considered hazardous if it exhibits one or more of the following characteristics ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Under the authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a hazardous substance has one or more of the foregoing characteristics. 

In addition to the classification of petrolenm-related chemicals by the characteristics described above, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designates more than 450 chemicals or chemical wastes that are specific snbstances or classes of substances known to be hazardous. Each such chemical or waste is assigned a hazardous waste number in the format of a letter followed by three nnmerals, where a different letter is assigned to snbstances from each of the following list ... 

EPA. 1990d. Toxicity Characteristic. Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 261.24. 

A new type of ionic PAGs based on imides and methides has recently been proposed by 3M. The notable characteristic of these PAGs is that they do not contain perfluorooctyl sulfonates and related derivatives, which have recently been identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and environmental regulatory agencies in other countries to pose health hazards, as they are biopersis-tent and toxic, and bioaccumulate in mammalian tissues. 

Not later than 30 months after October 28, 1992, the President shall, after notice and opportunity for comment, establish by rule appropriate criteria, testing protocols, and performance characteristics as are necessary to ensure, to the greatest extent possible and consistent with the purposes and policy of this subchapter, that lead-based paint hazard evaluation and reduction products introduced into commerce after a period specified in the rule are effective for the intended use described by the manufacturer. The rule shall identify the types or classes of products that are subject to such rule. The President, in implementation of the rule, shall, to the maximum extent possible, utilize independent testing laboratories, as appropriate, and consult with such entities and others in developing the rules. The President may delegate the authorities under this subsection to the Environmental Protection Agency or the Secretary of Commerce or such other appropriate agency. 

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, http //www.epa. gov/osw/hazard/teslmethods/sw846/pdfs/131 l.pdf, 2(X)8. 

---